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             Château d'Ainay-le-Vieil, Ainay-le-Vieil, 
              Cher, France. 
              
            Built in the 14th century, this moated castle has 
              been listed as a Monument historique since 1968 by the French Ministry 
              of Culture. 
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             Château d'Ainay-le-Vieil 
            Ainay-le-Vieil, Cher, France. 
              
            Built in the 14th century, the castle has been 
              listed as a Monument historique since 1968 by the French Ministry 
              of Culture. 
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            Château d'Ainay-le-Vieil 
            Ainay-le-Vieil, Cher, France. 
              
            Built in the 14th century, the castle was listed 
              as a Monument historique in 1968 by the French Ministry of Culture. 
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            Château d'Ainay-le-Vieil 
            Ainay-le-Vieil, Cher, . 
              
            Built in the 14th century, this moated castle has 
              been listed as a Monument historique since 1968 by the French Ministry 
              of Culture. 
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            Donjon d'Arques 
            Arques, Aude, Languedoc,  
              
              
            often referred to as a CATHAR 
              CASTLE 
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            Château de Azay-le-Rideau 
             Azay-le-Rideau, Chinon, Indre-et-Loire, Centre, 
               
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             Château des Allymes 
            Les Allymes, Ambérieu-en-Bugey, Ain, Rhône-Alpes, 
              France. 
              
            The Château des Allymes is a thirteenth-century 
              castle, rebuilt in the sixteenth century and restored in the nineteenth. 
              It was built around 1310, overlooking the plain of Ain from a height 
              of some 800 m, It is a typical medieval stone castle  a large 
              stronghold, built with a commanding the plain below. The quadrangular 
              enclosure of the castle is flanked by a large cylindrical donjon 
              of the Roman type and by a round tower, the two connected by four 
              curtain walls. The exterior features a large wall 90 metres long 
              terminating in a lookout tower that once protected an adjoining 
              town. 
              
            The Château des Allymes became French by 
              the Treaty of Lyon in 1601 when King Henri IV attached Bugey to 
              the Kingdom of France. At the time it was in a strategic military 
              position as it was near the border with Savoy, then an independent 
              state. 
              
            In 1960 the Château des Allymes was classed 
              a monument historique. The roof and frame of the round tower were 
              restored in 1977, the four curtain walls in 1984 and the barbican 
              at the main entrance in 1991. 
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             Château d'Amboise 
            Amboise, Indre-et-Loire département, France 
              
            The royal Château at Amboise is a fortress 
              in the Loire Valley. Confiscated by the monarchy in the 15th century, 
              it became a favoured royal residence and was extensively rebuilt. 
              King Charles VIII died at the château in 1498 after hitting 
              his head on a door lintel.  
              
            The château fell into decline from the second 
              half of the 16th century and the majority of the interior buildings 
              were later demolished. Some survived and have been restored, along 
              with the outer defensive circuit of towers and walls.  
              
            It has been recognised as a monument historique 
              by the French Ministry of Culture since 1840. 
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             Château d'Amboise 
            Amboise, Indre-et-Loire département, France 
              
            
            The royal Château at Amboise is a fortress 
              in the Loire Valley. Confiscated by the monarchy in the 15th century, 
              it became a favoured royal residence and was extensively rebuilt. 
              King Charles VIII died at the château in 1498 after hitting 
              his head on a door lintel.  
              
            The château fell into decline from the second 
              half of the 16th century and the majority of the interior buildings 
              were later demolished. Some survived and have been restored, along 
              with the outer defensive circuit of towers and walls.  
              
            It has been recognised as a monument historique 
              by the French Ministry of Culture since 1840. 
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             Château d'Amboise 
            Amboise, Indre-et-Loire département, France 
              
            The royal Château at Amboise is a fortress 
              in the Loire Valley. Confiscated by the monarchy in the 15th century, 
              it became a favoured royal residence and was extensively rebuilt. 
              King Charles VIII died at the château in 1498 after hitting 
              his head on a door lintel.  
              
            The château fell into decline from the second 
              half of the 16th century and the majority of the interior buildings 
              were later demolished. Some survived and have been restored, along 
              with the outer defensive circuit of towers and walls.  
              
            It has been recognised as a monument historique 
              by the French Ministry of Culture since 1840. 
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             Château d'Angers 
            Angers, Loire Valley, Maine-et-Loire, France. 
              
            The Château d'Angers was founded in the 9th 
              century by the Counts of Anjou. It was expanded to its current size 
              in the 13th century. It is strategically located by the river Maine. 
              Open to the public, the Château d'Angers is home of the Apocalypse 
              Tapestry. 
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             Château d'Angers 
            Angers, Loire Valley, Maine-et-Loire, France. 
              
            The Château d'Angers was founded in the 9th 
              century by the Counts of Anjou. It was expanded to its current size 
              in the 13th century. It is strategically located by the river Maine. 
              Open to the public, the Château d'Angers is home of the Apocalypse 
              Tapestry. 
              
            Photo shows a spectacular drawbridge controlling 
              entry. 
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             Château d'Anjony, Tournemire, Cantal département, 
              Auvergne, France 
              
            The Château d'Anjony is known in Occitan 
              as the Chastèl d'En Jòni, (the Castle of Lord Jòni). 
              It is built of reddish basal 
              
            ] It is located in a strategic position on the 
              Tournemire promontory and dominates the rich landscape of the Doire 
              valley with its four tall towers. 
              
            The castle and its estate are classified as a monument 
              historique by the French Ministry of Culture. 
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             Château d'Apremont, Apremont-sur-Allier, 
              Cher, Centre, France. 
              
            Château d'Apremont overlooks the River Allier. 
              It lies on the limits of Berry. Not much remains of the great Anglo-Burgundian 
              fortress with its 14 towers dating from the fifteenth century.  
              
            The Château was classified as as a monument 
              historique in 1989. 
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             château d'Avully, Brenthonne, Haute-Savoie, 
              Rhône-Alpes, France. 
              
            château d'Avully dates from the fourteenth 
              century. 
              
            It has been classified as a monument historique 
              since 1974 
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             Château de Azay-le-Rideau 
             Azay-le-Rideau, Chinon, Indre-et-Loire, Centre, 
              France 
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             Château de Azay-le-Rideau 
            Azay-le-Rideau 
            Chinon 
            Indre-et-Loire, 
            Centre 
            France 
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             Château de Balleroy 
            Balleroy, Calvados, Basse-Normandie, France 
              
            The château was built from 1626 to 1636 by 
              Jean II de Choisy 
              
            It is classified as a monument historique since 
              1951. 
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             Château de la Balue 
            La Balue, 35560 Bazouges-la-Pérouse, France 
              
            The 17th century château stands between Saint-Malo 
              and Mont-Saint-Michel, in a landscape of rolling hills and forests, 
              and not far from the Atlantic coastline. It is a French historical 
              monument known for its beautiful gardens and for the many literary 
              celebrities who have stayed there. 
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             Château de Bannes 
            Beaumont-du-Périgord, Dordogne, Aquitaine, 
              France. 
              
            Built between 1498 and 1519. 
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             Château de Beaumesnil 
            Beaumesnil, Normandy, France. 
              
            Château de Beaumesnil is a 17th-century Louis 
              XIII baroque style château built on the site of a medieval 
              castle of the same name (and retaining its moat). 
              
             It is now an historical monument of France. 
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             The Hospices de Beaune or Hôtel-Dieu de Beaune 
            Beaune, Burgundy, France. 
              
            The Hôtel-Dieu de Beaune is a former charitable 
              almshouse founded in 1443 by Nicolas Rolin, chancellor of Burgundy, 
              as a hospital for the poor. The original hospital building, one 
              of the finest surviving examples of Burgundian fifteenth-century 
              architecture, is now a museum.  
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             Fort de Bellegarde 
            Le Perthus 
            Pyrénées-Orientales 
            France 
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             Château de Beynac 
            Beynac-et-Cazenac 
            Dordogne 
            France. 
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             Château de Beynac, Beynac-et-Cazenac, Dordogne, 
              France.  
              
            The castle is one of the best-preserved and best 
              known in the Dordogne, perched on top of a limestone cliff, dominating 
              the town and the north bank of the Dordogne River 
              
            The castle was built in the 12th century by the 
              barons of Beynac (one of the four baronies of Périgord) to 
              control the valley of the Dordogne River.  
              
            The sheer cliff face was sufficient to discourage 
              any assault from that side, so the defences were concentrated on 
              the plateau on the other side. They included double crenellated 
              walls, double moats,and a double barbican. 
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             Château de Beynac, Beynac-et-Cazenac, Dordogne, 
              France.  
              
            The castle is one of the best-preserved and best 
              known in the Dordogne, perched on top of a limestone cliff, dominating 
              the town and the north bank of the Dordogne River 
              
            The castle was built in the 12th century by the 
              barons of Beynac (one of the four baronies of Périgord) to 
              control the valley of the Dordogne River.  
              
            The sheer cliff face was sufficient to discourage 
              any assault from that side, so the defences were concentrated on 
              the plateau on the other side. They included double crenellated 
              walls, double moats,and a double barbican. 
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             Trencavel seal reproduced on the exterior wall 
              of the Church of Saint Mary Magdalene, Béziers, Aude, Languedoc, 
              France 
              
            Béziers is the site of a disappeared CATHAR 
              CASTLE. 
              
            In 1209, at the bidding of Pope Innocent III, a 
              crusader army from France made its way down the Rhône Valley 
              to the Languedoc. Its purpose was to exterminate a the Cathars. 
              The Crusaders first major engagement, on 24 July 1209, was 
              the siege of the town of Béziers, a county capital of Raymond 
              Roger Trencavel, Viscount of Carcassonne and Béziers. The 
              Crusader army was led by a papal legate, Arnaud Amaury, Abbot of 
              Cîteaux. Arnaud was asked how the crusaders should distinguish 
              Cathars from Catholics, in order to spare Catholics. He allegedly 
              gave the reply Kill them all. God will Know His Own. 
              According to a number of sources, all the citizens of Béziers, 
              Cathars and Catholics alike, were then massacred by the crusader 
              army. 
              
            Nothing remains of the Viscounts castle here, 
              nor the city walls, but the Cathedral and the Church of Saint Mary 
              Magdalene still stand. Some 7000 people - men, women and children 
              - were killed inside the church by Arnauds crusaders. 
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             Château de Biron, Biron, Dordogne, France 
            CATHAR 
              CASTLE 
              
            The Château de Biron is a large castle in 
              the valley of the Lède. It was the castle from which the 
              Gontaut-Biron took their name. It was their seat from the twelfth 
              century. Biron was seized by Simon IV de Montfort in 1212 from forces 
              sypathetic to the Cathars. 
              
            The Plantagenets held it at times during the 14th 
              and 15th centuries. Biron was erected as a duché-pairie in 
              1598, for Charles de Gontaut, created duc de Biron. 
              
            The present château bears additions over 
              the centuries: notably a twelfth-century keep and sixteenth-century 
              living quarters and vaulted kitchens.  
              
            Since 1928, it has been listed as a monument historique 
              by the French Ministry of Culture. The local commune purchased the 
              Château de Biron in 1978, with a view to restoring it as a 
              tourist attraction. 
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             The Château de Biron, Biron, Dordogne, France 
            The Château de Biron 
            Biron, Dordogne,  
              
            CATHAR 
              CASTLE 
              
            The Château de Biron is a large castle in 
              the valley of the Lède. This photograph shows just one small 
              tower. 
              
            It was the castle from which the Gontaut-Biron 
              took their name. It was their seat from the twelfth century. Biron 
              was seized by Simon IV de Montfort in 1212 from forces sypathetic 
              to the Cathars. 
              
            The Plantagenets held it at times during the 14th 
              and 15th centuries. Biron was erected as a duché-pairie in 
              1598, for Charles de Gontaut, created duc de Biron. 
              
            The present château bears additions over 
              the centuries: notably a twelfth-century keep and sixteenth-century 
              living quarters and vaulted kitchens.  
              
            Since 1928, it has been listed as a monument historique 
              by the French Ministry of Culture. The local commune purchased the 
              Château de Biron in 1978, with a view to restoring it as a 
              tourist attraction. 
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             The Château de Biron 
            Biron, Dordogne, France 
              
            CATHAR 
              CASTLE 
              
            The Château de Biron is a large castle in 
              the valley of the Lède. This photograph shows just one small 
              tower. 
              
            It was the castle from which the Gontaut-Biron 
              took their name. It was their seat from the twelfth century. Biron 
              was seized by Simon IV de Montfort in 1212 from forces sypathetic 
              to the Cathars. 
              
            The Plantagenets held it at times during the 14th 
              and 15th centuries. Biron was erected as a duché-pairie in 
              1598, for Charles de Gontaut, created duc de Biron. 
              
            The present château bears additions over 
              the centuries: notably a twelfth-century keep and sixteenth-century 
              living quarters and vaulted kitchens.  
              
            Since 1928, it has been listed as a monument historique 
              by the French Ministry of Culture. The local commune purchased the 
              Château de Biron in 1978, with a view to restoring it as a 
              tourist attraction. 
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             Kitchen, The Château de Biron, Biron, Dordogne, 
              France 
              
            CATHAR 
              CASTLE 
              
            The Château de Biron is a large castle in 
              the valley of the Lède. It was the castle from which the 
              Gontaut-Biron took their name. It was their seat from the twelfth 
              century. Biron was seized by Simon IV de Montfort in 1212 from forces 
              sypathetic to the Cathars. 
              
            The Plantagenets held it at times during the 14th 
              and 15th centuries. Biron was erected as a duché-pairie in 
              1598, for Charles de Gontaut, created duc de Biron. 
              
            The present château bears additions over 
              the centuries: notably a twelfth-century keep and sixteenth-century 
              living quarters and vaulted kitchens.  
              
            Since 1928, it has been listed as a monument historique 
              by the French Ministry of Culture. The local commune purchased the 
              Château de Biron in 1978, with a view to restoring it as a 
              tourist attraction. 
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             The Château de Biron, Biron, Dordogne, France 
              
            CATHAR 
              CASTLE 
              
            The Château de Biron is a large castle in 
              the valley of the Lède. This photograph shows just one small 
              tower. 
              
            It was the castle from which the Gontaut-Biron 
              took their name. It was their seat from the twelfth century. Biron 
              was seized by Simon IV de Montfort in 1212 from forces sypathetic 
              to the Cathars. 
              
            The Plantagenets held it at times during the 14th 
              and 15th centuries. Biron was erected as a duché-pairie in 
              1598, for Charles de Gontaut, created duc de Biron. 
              
            The present château bears additions over 
              the centuries: notably a twelfth-century keep and sixteenth-century 
              living quarters and vaulted kitchens.  
              
            Since 1928, it has been listed as a monument historique 
              by the French Ministry of Culture. The local commune purchased the 
              Château de Biron in 1978, with a view to restoring it as a 
              tourist attraction. 
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             Château de Blandy-les-Tours 
            Blandy-les-Tours, Seine-et-Marne, France 
              
             The Château de Blandy-les-Tours was mentioned 
              in a text in 1216. It belonged to Adam II de Chailly, Viscount of 
              Melun. It consisted of a simple manor and chapel, the only construction 
              made of stone. The site was previously a Merovingian necropolis. 
              
            In the 14th century, the castle was strongly modified 
              with new fortifications and structures of defence. A moat was dug 
              and a new gate-tower with a drawbridge was included in the enclosing 
              wall.  
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             Château de Blandy-les-Tours 
            Blandy-les-Tours, Seine-et-Marne, France 
              
            (photo shows just one tour) 
              
             The Château de Blandy-les-Tours was mentioned 
              in a text in 1216. It belonged to Adam II de Chailly, Viscount of 
              Melun. It consisted of a simple manor and chapel, the only construction 
              made of stone. The site was previously a Merovingian necropolis. 
              
            In the 14th century, the castle was modified with 
              new fortifications and structures of defence. A moat was dug and 
              a new gate-tower with a drawbridge was included in the enclosing 
              wall.  
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            Château Boisset-les-Prévanches 
            Boisset-les-Prévanches, Eure, Haute-Normandie, 
              France  
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             Château de Boulogne sur Mer 
            Boulogne-sur-Mer, Pas-de-Calais, France 
              
            The castle was built in the 13th century by Philippe 
              Hurepel (1180-1234), count of Boulogne and son of Philip II of France. 
              It houses the Boulogne museum. 
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             The Château de Bourron 
            Bourron-Marlotte, Seine-et-Marne, France. 
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             Château de Bridoire 
            Dordogne, Aquitane, France. 
              
            A castle was built here before the 12th century. 
              North, south and west sides are protected by steep rock. To the 
              east, a gap between the castle and the plateau was crossed by a 
              drawbridge. In the 16th century, the drawbridge was replaced by 
              a stone arched bridge. 
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             The Château de Brissac 
            Brissac-Quincé 
            Maine-et-Loire 
            France 
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             Château de la Brosse 
            Farges-Allichamps, Cher, Centre, France 
              
            The history of the château dates back to 
              the thirteenth century Its parc is subject to protection as a historic 
              monument. 
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             Castle of Bussy Rabutin, Bussy-le-Grand, Côte-d'Or 
              department, Bourgogne, France 
              
            The Château de Bussy-Rabutin, also known 
              as Château de Bussy-le-Grand, developed from a 12th-century 
              castle, 
              
            The castle was founded by Renaudin de Bussy. It 
              was rebuilt in the 14th century, and the Renaissance galleries were 
              added in the 1520s. It was altered during the reigns of Henri II 
              (15471559) and Louis XIII (16101643). 
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             Cité, Carcassonne, Languedoc, France. 
              
            The largest surviving medieval walled city in Europe. 
              Inside is the Château Comtal, the Castle of Raymond Roger 
              Trencavel, Viscount of Carcassonne, Béziers, Albi and the 
              Razès. He died in his own prison here in 1209, aged 24, after 
              being taken prisoner while under a safe-conduct from the Cistercian 
              Abbot Arnaud Amaury the papal legate and military leader of the 
              Albigensian Crusade who was besieging Carcassonne (and who then 
              appointed Simon de Montfort as military leader of the crusade). 
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             The Aude Gate, Cité, Carcassonne, Languedoc, 
              France. 
              
            Just inside this gate was the thirteenth century 
              house of the Dominican Inquisitors - theres a plaque on the 
              house. Outside the gate was the Wall the Inquisitors 
              prison where people were imprisoned in dark, cold, damp conditions, 
              chained up and without sanitation, living on stale bread and filthy 
              water, often until they died. 
              
            Carcassonne is the largest surviving medieval walled 
              city in Europe. Inside is the Château Comtal, the Castle of 
              Raymond Roger Trencavel, Viscount of Carcassonne, Béziers, 
              Albi and the Razès. He died in his own prison here in 1209, 
              aged 24, after being taken prisoner while under a safe-conduct from 
              the Cistercian Abbot Arnaud Amaury the papal legate and military 
              leader of the Albigensian Crusade who was besieging Carcassonne 
              (and who then appointed Simon de Montfort as military leader of 
              the crusade). 
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             Cité de Carcassonne, Languedoc, France. 
              
            The Castrum of Raymond Roger Trencavel, Viscount 
              of Carcassonne, Béziers, Albi and the Razès. He died 
              in his own prison here in 1209, aged 24, after being taken prisoner 
              while under a safe-conduct from the Cistercian Abbot Arnaud Amaury 
              the papal legate and military leader of the Albigensian Crusade 
              who was besieging Carcassonne (and who then appointed Simon de Montfort 
              as military leader of the crusade). 
              
            Castrum = Cité + château Comtal 
              
            UNESCO World Heritage Site 
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             Château Comtal, Carcassonne, Languedoc, France. 
              
            The Castle of Raymond Roger Trencavel, Viscount 
              of Carcassonne, Béziers, Albi and the Razès. He died 
              in his own prison here in 1209, aged 24, after being taken prisoner 
              while under a safe-conduct from the Cistercian Abbot Arnaud Amaury 
              the papal legate and military leader of the Albigensian Crusade 
              who was besieging Carcassonne (and who then appointed Simon de Montfort 
              as military leader of the crusade). 
            Carcassonne, Languedoc, France. 
              
            UNESCO World Heritage Site 
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             Château Comtal, Carcassonne, Languedoc, France. 
              
            The Castle of Raymond Roger Trencavel, Viscount 
              of Carcassonne, Béziers, Albi and the Razès. He died 
              in his own prison here in 1209, aged 24, after being taken prisoner 
              while under a safe-conduct from the Cistercian Abbot Arnaud Amaury 
              the papal legate and military leader of the Albigensian Crusade 
              who was besieging Carcassonne (and who then appointed Simon de Montfort 
              as military leader of the crusade). 
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             Château de Castanet  
            Pourcharesses, Lozère, France.  
              
            The territory of Castanet has its origin in the 
              name (chestnut) in Occitan. It is the most common tree in the territory. 
              The castle is next to the lake of Villefort, an artificial lake 
              created behind a dam. 
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             Château de Castelnau-Bretenoux 
            Prudhomat, Lot, Quercy, France 
              
            Construction began about 1100, under Hugues, baron 
              of Castelnau, who built a wall around his manor. He was the ancestor 
              of the powerful dynasty of Castelnau, who owned a rich and prosperous 
              region and were vassals of the Counts of Toulouse.  
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             Château de Castelnau-Bretenoux 
            Prudhomat, Lot, Quercy, France 
              
            Construction began about 1100, under Hugues, Baron 
              of Castelnau, who built a wall around his manor. He was the ancestor 
              of the powerful dynasty of Castelnau, who owned a rich and prosperous 
              region and were vassals of the Counts of Toulouse.  
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             Château de Castelnau-Bretenoux 
            Prudhomat, Lot, Quercy, France 
              
            Construction began about 1100, under Hugues, baron 
              of Castelnau, who built a wall around his manor. He was the ancestor 
              of the powerful dynasty of Castelnau, who owned a rich and prosperous 
              region and were vassals of the Counts of Toulouse.  
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             Château de Caussade 
             Trélissac, Périgueux, Dordogne, 
              Aquitaine, France. 
              
            The Château de Caussade is a small polygonal 
              fortress surrounded by a dry moat, located in the vallée 
              de lIsle, in the forêt de Lanmary.  
              
            It held great strategic importance in the twelfth 
              century. From the Twelfth to the Fourteenth century it was the property 
              of VIigier family, a daughter of the family became the wife of the 
              famous troubadour, Bertran de Born. 
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             Château de Caussade 
             Trélissac, Périgueux, Dordogne, 
              Aquitaine, France. 
              
            The Château de Caussade is a small polygonal 
              fortress surrounded by a dry moat, located in the vallée 
              de lIsle, in the forêt de Lanmary.  
              
            It held great strategic importance in the twelfth 
              century. From the Twelfth to the Fourteenth century it was the property 
              of VIigier family, a daughter of the family became the wife of the 
              famous troubadour, Bertran de Born. 
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             Château de Caussade 
             Trélissac, Périgueux, Dordogne, 
              Aquitaine, France. 
              
            The Château de Caussade is a small polygonal 
              fortress surrounded by a dry moat, located in the vallée 
              de lIsle, in the forêt de Lanmary.  
              
            It held great strategic importance in the twelfth 
              century. From the Twelfth to the Fourteenth century it was the property 
              of VIigier family, a daughter of the family became the wife of the 
              famous troubadour, Bertran de Born. 
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             The Royal Château de Chambord 
            Chambord, Loir-et-Cher, France 
              
            The building, which was never completed, was constructed 
              by King Francis I of France. The royal Château de Chambord 
              is one of the most recognizable châteaux in the world because 
              of its distinctive French Renaissance architecture which blends 
              traditional French medieval forms with classical Renaissance structures. 
              
            Chambord was built to serve as a hunting lodge 
              for Francis I, who maintained royal residences at the châteaux 
              of Blois and Amboise 
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             The Royal Château de Chambord 
            Chambord, Loir-et-Cher, France 
              
            The building, which was never completed, was constructed 
              by King Francis I of France. The royal Château de Chambord 
              is one of the most recognizable châteaux in the world because 
              of its distinctive French Renaissance architecture which blends 
              traditional French medieval forms with classical Renaissance structures. 
             
              
            Chambord was built to serve as a hunting lodge 
              for Francis I, who maintained royal residences at the châteaux 
              of Blois and Amboise. 
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             Spiral staircase 
            The Royal Château de Chambord 
            Chambord, Loir-et-Cher, France 
              
            The building, which was never completed, was constructed 
              by King Francis I of France. The royal Château de Chambord 
              is one of the most recognizable châteaux in the world because 
              of its distinctive French Renaissance architecture which blends 
              traditional French medieval forms with classical Renaissance structures. 
             
              
            Chambord was built to serve as a hunting lodge 
              for Francis I, who maintained royal residences at the châteaux 
              of Blois and Amboise. 
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             The Royal Château de Chambord 
            Chambord, Loir-et-Cher, France 
              
            The building, which was never completed, was constructed 
              by King Francis I of France. The royal Château de Chambord 
              is one of the most recognizable châteaux in the world because 
              of its distinctive French Renaissance architecture which blends 
              traditional French medieval forms with classical Renaissance structures. 
             
              
            Chambord was built to serve as a hunting lodge 
              for Francis I, who maintained royal residences at the châteaux 
              of Blois and Amboise. 
              
              
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             Château de Champlâtreux, Epinay-Champlâtreux, 
              Val-dOise, Île-de-Franc, France. 
              
            Le château de Champlâtreux was built 
              between 1751 et 1757 by the architect Jean-Michel Chevotet.  
              
            It is classified as a Monument Historique 
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             Château de Champlâtreux 
            Epinay-Champlâtreux, Val-dOise, Île-de-France, 
              France. 
              
            The Château de Champlâtreux was built 
              between 1751 and 1757 by the architect Jean-Michel Chevotet.  
              
            It is classified as a Monument Historique 
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             Château de Champs 
            Champs-sur-Marne, Seine-et-Marne, Île-de-France, 
              France 
              
            The Château de Champs was built in its present 
              form in 1699 for the treasurer Charles Renouard de la Touaneby by 
              Pierre Bullet, architecte du roi. 
              
            Around 1750, a beautiful rococo salon chinois (Chinese 
              salon) was added to the château with wall paintings by noted 
              artist Christophe Huet.  
              
            Louis César entertained many of famous writers 
              here, including Diderot, Voltaire, d'Alembert and François-Augustin 
              de Paradis de Moncrif. 
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             The Château de Chantilly, Chantilly, France. 
              
            The site comprises two attached buildings : the 
              Petit Château built around 1560 for Anne de Montmorency, and 
              the Grand Château, which was destroyed during the French Revolution 
              and rebuilt in the 1870s. 
              
            Owned by the Institut de France, the château 
              houses the Musée Condé, a public art galleriy. 
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             The Château de Châteaudun 
            Châteaudun, Eure-et-Loir, France. 
              
            The château overlooks the Loir river. Perched 
              on a limestone outcrop, it retains evidence its origins as a 12th-century 
              castle. Converted by Jean de Dunois during the Renaissance into 
              a comfortable residence, the main body of the building is roofed 
              in the gothic style. 
              
            The castle was built between the 12th and 16th 
              centuries. The Count of Blois Thibaut V had the keep built around 
              1170. Jehan de Dunois, the bâtard d'Orléans (Bastard 
              of Orléans), built the west wing (the "aile Dunois") 
              between 1459 and 1468. François I of Orléans-Longueville 
              began construction of the north wing (the "aile Longueville") 
              between 1469 and 1491. The upper floors were added by François 
              II d'Orléans-Longueville and his descendants during the first 
              quarter of the 16th century. 
              
            Renovated in the 1930s, the castle has been classed 
              as a monument historique since 1918. 
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             Château de Chatillon, Châtillon-en-Bazois, 
              Nièvre, Burgundy, France. 
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             Château de Chenonceau 
            Chenonceau, Indre-et-Loire, France 
              
            The estate of Chenonceau is first mentioned in 
              writing in the 11th century. The current château was built 
              in 15141522 on the foundations of an old mill and was later 
              extended to span the river.  
              
            The bridge over the river was built (1556-1559) 
              to designs by the French Renaissance architect Philibert de l'Orme, 
              and the gallery on the bridge (15701576) to designs by Jean 
              Bullant 
              
            The château has been classified as a Monument 
              historique since 1840 by the French Ministry of Culture. It is one 
              of the most famous Loire Valley châteaux. 
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             Château de Chenonceau 
            Chenonceau, Indre-et-Loire, France 
              
            The estate of Chenonceau is first mentioned in 
              writing in the 11th century. The current château was built 
              in 15141522 on the foundations of an old mill and was later 
              extended to span the river.  
              
            The bridge over the river was built (1556-1559) 
              to designs by the French Renaissance architect Philibert de l'Orme, 
              and the gallery on the bridge (15701576) to designs by Jean 
              Bullant 
              
            The château has been classified as a Monument 
              historique since 1840 by the French Ministry of Culture. It is one 
              of the most famous Loire Valley châteaux. 
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             Château de Chenonceau 
            Chenonceau, Indre-et-Loire, France 
              
            The estate of Chenonceau is first mentioned in 
              writing in the 11th century. The current château was built 
              in 15141522 on the foundations of an old mill and was later 
              extended to span the river.  
              
            The bridge over the river was built (1556-1559) 
              to designs by the French Renaissance architect Philibert de l'Orme, 
              and the gallery on the bridge (15701576) to designs by Jean 
              Bullant 
              
            The château has been classified as a Monument 
              historique since 1840 by the French Ministry of Culture. It is one 
              of the most famous Loire Valley châteaux. 
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             Château de Chenonceau 
            Chenonceau, Indre-et-Loire, France 
              
            The estate of Chenonceau is first mentioned in 
              writing in the 11th century. The current château was built 
              in 15141522 on the foundations of an old mill and was later 
              extended to span the river.  
              
            The bridge over the river was built (1556-1559) 
              to designs by the French Renaissance architect Philibert de l'Orme, 
              and the gallery on the bridge (15701576) to designs by Jean 
              Bullant 
              
            The château has been classified as a Monument 
              historique since 1840 by the French Ministry of Culture. It is one 
              of the most famous Loire Valley châteaux. 
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             Château de Chenonceau 
            Chenonceau, Indre-et-Loire, France 
              
            The estate of Chenonceau is first mentioned in 
              writing in the 11th century. The current château was built 
              in 15141522 on the foundations of an old mill and was later 
              extended to span the river.  
              
            The bridge over the river was built (1556-1559) 
              to designs by the French Renaissance architect Philibert de l'Orme, 
              and the gallery on the bridge (15701576) to designs by Jean 
              Bullant 
              
            The château has been classified as a Monument 
              historique since 1840 by the French Ministry of Culture. It is one 
              of the most famous Loire Valley châteaux. 
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             Château de Chenonceau 
            Chenonceau, Indre-et-Loire,  
              
              
            The estate of Chenonceau is first mentioned in 
              writing in the 11th century. The current château was built 
              in 15141522 on the foundations of an old mill and was later 
              extended to span the river.  
              
            The bridge over the river was built (1556-1559) 
              to designs by the French Renaissance architect Philibert de l'Orme, 
              and the gallery on the bridge (15701576) to designs by Jean 
              Bullant 
              
            The château has been classified as a Monument 
              historique since 1840 by the French Ministry of Culture. It is one 
              of the most famous Loire Valley châteaux. 
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             Château de Chenonceau 
             Chenonceau, Indre-et-Loire, France 
              
            The estate of Chenonceau is first mentioned in 
              writing in the 11th century. The current château was built 
              in 15141522 on the foundations of an old mill and was later 
              extended to span the river.  
              
            The bridge over the river was built (1556-1559) 
              to designs by the French Renaissance architect Philibert de l'Orme, 
              and the gallery on the bridge (15701576) to designs by Jean 
              Bullant 
              
            The château has been classified as a Monument 
              historique since 1840 by the French Ministry of Culture. It is one 
              of the most famous Loire Valley châteaux. 
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             Château de Chenonceau 
            Chenonceau, Indre-et-Loire, France 
              
            The estate of Chenonceau is first mentioned in 
              writing in the 11th century. The current château was built 
              in 15141522 on the foundations of an old mill and was later 
              extended to span the river.  
              
            The bridge over the river was built (1556-1559) 
              to designs by the French Renaissance architect Philibert de l'Orme, 
              and the gallery on the bridge (15701576) to designs by Jean 
              Bullant 
              
            The château has been classified as a Monument 
              historique since 1840 by the French Ministry of Culture. It is one 
              of the most famous Loire Valley châteaux. 
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             Château de Chenonceau 
            Chenonceau, Indre-et-Loire, France 
              
            The estate of Chenonceau is first mentioned in 
              writing in the 11th century. The current château was built 
              in 15141522 on the foundations of an old mill and was later 
              extended to span the river.  
              
            The bridge over the river was built (1556-1559) 
              to designs by the French Renaissance architect Philibert de l'Orme, 
              and the gallery on the bridge (15701576) to designs by Jean 
              Bullant 
              
            The château has been classified as a Monument 
              historique since 1840 by the French Ministry of Culture. It is one 
              of the most famous Loire Valley châteaux. 
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             Château de Cheverny 
            Cheverny, Loir-et-Cher, France. 
              
            Hergé used Cheverny, one of the châteaux 
              of the Loire valley, as a model for his "Château de Moulinsart" 
              (Marlinspike Hall in English) in his Tintin books. 
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             Château de Chissay 
            Place Paul Boncour, 41400 Chissay-en-Touraine, 
              Loir-et-Cher, France. 
              
            Situated between Montrichard and Chenonceaux, this 
              former fortified castle was built under Charles the 7th for Pierre 
              Bérard, chancellor of France. In 1543 Bérard sold 
              the estate to the king's treasurer and superintendent of finance, 
              for £16 690. The castle remained in the family, then passed 
              into the hands of Duke of Choiseul until the eve of the revolution. 
              Today it is an hotel. 
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             Château de Chissay 
            1 à 3 Place Paul Boncour, 41400 Chissay-en-Touraine, 
              Loir-et-Cher, France. 
              
            Situated between Montrichard and Chenonceaux, this 
              former fortified castle was built under Charles VII. Charles and 
              Louis the XI both stayed here. 
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             Château de Combourg 
             Ille-et-Vilaine, Brittany, France 
              
            Privately owned, the Château de Combourg 
              stands on a small hill next to Lac Tranquille in the town of Comburg. 
              The original castle here was built around 1025 by Archbishop Guinguené, 
              who gave it to his illegitimate brother Riwallon.  
              
            Alterations were made between the 15th and 19th 
              centuries. 
              
            The castle now consists of four large, powerful 
              rectangular buildings of dressed granite, with crenellations, machicolations, 
              and roofs, enclosing a rectangular courtyard. In each corner is 
              a round tower, also with crenellations and machicolations, and with 
              conical roofs. 
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             Château de Combourg 
            Combourg, Ille-et-Vilaine, Brittany, France. 
              
            The castle stands on a small hill next to Lac Tranquille 
              (Lake Tranquil) in the town. 
              
            Privately owned, the Château de Combourg 
              is listed as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture. 
             
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             La Conciergerie, 2 Boulevard du Palais, 75001 Paris, 
              France 
              
            La Conciergerie is a former royal palace and prison 
              located by the seine on the west of the Île de la Cité. 
              It is part of the larger complex known as the Palais de Justice, 
              which is still used for judicial purposes. 
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             Citadelle de Corté 
            Corte en Haute-Corse, Corsica, France 
              
            The Citadelle de Corte also known as the Nid d'aigle 
              (Eagle's Nest) is an eighteenth century citadelle, build around 
              a fifteenth century core, and now housing a museum of Corsica. 
              
            It has been classée as a monument historique 
              in 1977. 
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             Citadelle de Corté 
            Corte en Haute-Corse, Corsica, France 
              
            The Citadelle de Corte also known as the Nid d'aigle 
              (Eagle's Nest) is an eighteenth century citadelle, build around 
              a fifteenth century core, and now housing a museum of Corsica. 
              
            It has been classée as a monument historique 
              in 1977. 
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             Citadelle de Corté 
            Corte en Haute-Corse, Corsica, France 
              
            The Citadelle de Corte also known as the Nid d'aigle 
              (Eagle's Nest) is an eighteenth century citadelle, build around 
              a fifteenth century core, and now housing a museum of Corsica. 
              
            It has been classée as a monument historique 
              in 1977. 
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             Le Château de la Côte-au-Chapt, Darnac, 
              Haute-Vienne, France 
              
            Le château incorporates vestiges of the original 
              12th century castle here. 
              
            Te vestiges of the original château are classified 
              as monuments historiques. 
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            The Château de Courances, Courances, Essonne, 
              France  
              
             The Château de Courances is a French château 
              built in around 1630, at the western edge of the Forest of Fontainebleau. 
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            Château fort de Couzan 
            15240 Vebret, Antignac, Cantal, Auvergne, France. 
              
            15th Century. Privately owned. Inscrit on the inventaire 
              supplémentaire des Monuments Historiques since 1994. 
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             Château de Dampierre-en-Yvelines, Vallée 
              de Chevreuse, France. 
              
            Built by Jules Hardouin-Mansart in 16751683 
              for the duc de Chevreuse, the Château de Dampierre is a French 
              Baroque château. There are sumptuous interiors. 
              
            Protected behind double gates, the main block (corps 
              de logis) and its outbuildings, linked by balustrades, are ranged 
              symmetrically around a dry paved and gravelled cour d'honneur.  
              
            The park with formally shaped water features was 
              laid out by André Le Nôtre. It includes a formal canal 
              and an eighteenth-century garden folly. 
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             Château de Dampierre-en-Yvelines, Vallée 
              de Chevreuse, France. 
              
            Built by Jules Hardouin-Mansart in 16751683 
              for the duc de Chevreuse, the Château de Dampierre is a French 
              Baroque château. There are sumptuous interiors. 
              
            Protected behind double gates, the main block (corps 
              de logis) and its outbuildings, linked by balustrades, are ranged 
              symmetrically around a dry paved and gravelled cour d'honneur.  
              
            The park with formally shaped water features was 
              laid out by André Le Nôtre. It includes a formal canal 
              and an eighteenth-century garden folly.  
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             Château de Dampierre-en-Yvelines, Vallée 
              de Chevreuse, France. 
              
            Built by Jules Hardouin-Mansart in 16751683 
              for the duc de Chevreuse, the Château de Dampierre is a French 
              Baroque château. There are sumptuous interiors. 
              
            Protected behind double gates, the main block (corps 
              de logis) and its outbuildings, linked by balustrades, are ranged 
              symmetrically around a dry paved and gravelled cour d'honneur.  
              
            The park with formally shaped water features was 
              laid out by André Le Nôtre. It includes a formal canal 
              and an eighteenth-century garden folly.  
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             Château de Durtal, Durtal, Maine-et-Loire, 
              France. 
              
            The château was classé as a monument 
              historique en 1900. 
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              Château de Durtal,  
            Durtal, Maine-et-Loire, France. 
              
            Thie photograph shows one tower. 
              
            The château was classé as a monument 
              historique en 1900. 
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             Château de Durtal, Durtal, Maine-et-Loire, 
              France  
              
            The château was classé as a monument 
              historique en 1900. 
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             Château de Farcheville 
            commune of Bouville 
            Essonne 
            France 
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             Château du Fayel 
            Fayel 
            Oise 
            France 
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             Le château de la Ferté 
            La Ferté-Saint-Aubin, Loiret, Centre, France. 
              
            One of the famous châteaux de la Loire. 
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             Château de La Ferté-Imbault 
            Salbris, Romorantin-Lanthenay, Loir-et-Cher, Centre, 
              France  
              
              
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             Château du Fleckenstein 
            Lembach, Bas-Rhin département, France.  
              
             Fleckenstein, un troglodytique en Alsace 
              
            Château du Fleckenstein is a castle (château 
              fort) built in the shape of 52 m long boat, with a long history. 
              The castle was built on a sandstone summit in the Middle Ages.  
              
            An ingenious system for collecting rainwater fed 
              a cistern and a hoist allowed water and other loads to be moved 
              to the upper floors. 
              
            The rock and the castle have been modified and 
              modernised many times. Of the Romanesque castle, remains include 
              steps cut into the length of the rock, troglodyte rooms and a cistern. 
              The lower part of the well tower dates from the 13th or 14th century, 
              the rest from the 15th and 16th.  
              
            The Château du Fleckenstein has been listed 
              as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture since 
              1898. 
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             The Château de Foix 
             Foix, Ariège, France. 
              
            CATHAR 
              CASTLE 
              
            Built on an older 7th-century fortification, the 
              castle is known from 987. In 1002, it was mentioned in the will 
              of Roger I, Count of Carcassonne, who bequeathed it to his youngest 
              child. The branch family ruling over the region, the Counts of Foix, 
              lived here. 
              
            During the two following centuries, the castle 
              was home to the Counts of Foix who were central to the Occitan resistance 
              during the crusade against the Albigensians. The county became a 
              refuge for persecuted Cathars. The castle was often besieged (notably 
              by Simon de Montfort in 1211 and 1212). 
              
            It has been listed since 1840 as a monument historique 
              by the French Ministry of Culture. 
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             Château de Fontainebleau, 77300 Fontainebleau, 
              France 
              
            The Château or Palace of Fontainebleau is 
              one of the largest French royal châteaux is located 55 kilometres 
              from the centre of Paris 
              
            The palace is the work of many French monarchs, 
              building on an early 16th-century structure of Francis I.  
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             Château de Fontainebleau, 77300 Fontainebleau, 
              France 
              
            The Château or Palace of Fontainebleau is 
              one of the largest French royal châteaux is located 55 kilometres 
              from the centre of Paris 
              
            The palace is the work of many French monarchs, 
              building on an early 16th-century structure of Francis I.  
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             Château de Fontainebleau, 77300 Fontainebleau, 
              France 
              
            The Château or Palace of Fontainebleau is 
              one of the largest French royal châteaux is located 55 kilometres 
              from the centre of Paris 
              
            The palace is the work of many French monarchs, 
              building on an early 16th-century structure of Francis I.  
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             Trinity Chapel 
            Palace of Fontainebleau 
            (55 kilometres from the centre of Paris) 
            France 
              
            Fontainebleau is one of the largest French royal 
              châteaux.  
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             Library at the Château de Fontainebleau, 
              France  
              
            The Château (or Palace) of Fontainebleau 
              is located 55 kilometres from the centre of Paris, 
              
             Fontainebleau is one of the largest French royal 
              châteaux. The building is arranged around a series of courtyards. 
              set around the remainder of the Forest of Fontainebleau, a former 
              royal hunting park.. 
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             Fontfroide Abbey 
            15 kilometers south-west of Narbonne, Aude, France. 
              
            Fontfroide Abbey or lAbbaye Sainte-Marie 
              de Fontfroide is a former Cistercian monastery founded in 1093 by 
              the Viscount of Narbonne. It remained poor and obscure until 1144 
              when it affiliated itself to the Cistercian reform movement. Shortly 
              afterwards the Count of Barcelona gave it the land in Spain that 
              was to form the great Catalan monastery of Poblet, of which Fontfroide 
              was the mother house. In 1157 the Viscountess Ermengard of Narbonne 
              granted it a great stretches of land locally, securing its wealth 
              and status. 
              
            This abbey was the Cistercian centre of operations 
              during the Albigensian Crusade - the 13th Century war against the 
              Cathars of the Languedoc. It was dissolved in 1791 in the course 
              of the French Revolution. 
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             Kitchens 
            Fontevraud Abbaye, 
            Fontevraud-l'Abbaye near Chinon  
            Anjou  
            France  
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             Kitchen roofs of the abbaye de Fontevraud  
            (Fontevraud Abbey or Fontevrault Abbey),  
            Fontevraud-l'Abbaye 
            near Chinon 
            Anjou 
            France. 
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             The Château de Fougères 
            Fougères, Ille-et-Vilaine, Brittany, France. 
              
            Château de Fougères is Fougères' 
              most famous monument and attraction. It is a medieval stronghold 
              built on a granite ledge. It played an imporant part in the Duchy 
              of Brittany's ultimately unsuccessful defence against French annexation 
              in 1532. 
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             La porte Notre Dame 
             Le château de Fougères 
             Ille-et-Vilaine, Brittany, France 
              
            The Château de Fougères is a castle 
              was built on a naturally protected site, a rock emerging from a 
              swamp surrounded by a loop of the Nançon river acting as 
              a natural moat.  
              
            It had three rings of defense. In all it has 13 
              towers. 
              
            The first wooden fort was built by the House of 
              Amboise in the eleventh century. It was destroyed in 1166 after 
              it was besieged and taken by King Henry II of England. It was immediately 
              rebuilt by Raoul II Baron de Fougères. 
              
             Today the castle belongs to the municipality of 
              Fougères and is one of Europe's largest medieval fortresses. 
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             The Château de Fougères-sur-Bièvre, 
             
            Fougères-sur-Bièvre, Loir-et-Cher, 
              France. 
              
            Originally an 11th-century structure, the castle 
              was rebuilt at the end of the 15th century, only the large square 
              keep being preserved. The first changes retained military features(ditches, 
              cannon-holes, wall walk) but more Renaissance refinements were added 
              later, such as a gallery, mullioned windows and steep-sloped roofs. 
              The castle was purchased and restored by the state in the 1930s. 
              It has been listed since 1912 as a monument historique by the French 
              Ministry of Culture. 
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             The Château de Fougères-sur-Bièvre, 
             
            Fougères-sur-Bièvre, Loir-et-Cher, 
              France. 
              
            Originally an 11th-century structure, the castle 
              was rebuilt at the end of the 15th century, only the large square 
              keep being preserved. The first changes retained military features(ditches, 
              cannon-holes, wall walk) but more Renaissance refinements were added 
              later, such as a gallery, mullioned windows and steep-sloped roofs. 
              The castle was purchased and restored by the state in the 1930s. 
              It has been listed since 1912 as a monument historique by the French 
              Ministry of Culture. 
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             The Château de Fougères-sur-Bièvre 
            Fougères-sur-Bièvre, Loir-et-Cher, 
              France. 
              
            Originally an 11th-century structure, the castle 
              was rebuilt at the end of the 15th century, only the large square 
              keep being preserved. The first changes retained military features(ditches, 
              cannon-holes, wall walk) but more Renaissance refinements were added 
              later, such as a gallery, mullioned windows and steep-sloped roofs. 
              The castle was purchased and restored by the state in the 1930s. 
              It has been listed since 1912 as a monument historique by the French 
              Ministry of Culture. 
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             Staircase, Opéra Garnier, Paris, France 
              
            The Palais Garnier is a 1,979-seat opera house, 
              built from 1861 to 1875 for the Paris Opera. The theatre was known 
              as the Opéra de Paris or simply the Opéra, but  
            has come to be became known as the Palais Garnier 
              in recognition of its opulence and its architect, Charles Garnier. 
              
            It was the primary home of the Paris Opera and 
              its associated Paris Opera Ballet until 1989, when the Opéra 
              Bastille opened at the Place de la Bastille, leaving the Palais 
              Garnier for ballet. 
             
              
            The Palais Garnier also houses the Bibliothèque-Musée 
              de l'Opéra de Paris (Paris Opera Library-Museum). 
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             Château de Gaillo, Gaillon, Haute-Normandie, 
              France. 
              
            The Château de Gaillon is a renaissance castle, 
              begun in 1502 on ancient foundations. 
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             Château-Gaillard 
             commune of Les Andelys overlooking the River Seine, 
              in the Eure département of historical Normandy, now Upper 
              Normandy, France. 
              
            Château Gaillard is a ruined medieval castle. 
              Construction began in 1196 under the auspices of Richard the Lionheart, 
              King of England and Duke of Normandy. The castle was built in just 
              two years, at the same time the town of Petit Andely 
              
            Château Gaillard has a complex and advanced 
              design - it was possibly designed by Richard himself. It uses principles 
              of concentric fortification It was also one of the earliest European 
              castles to use machicolations - an idea that Richard might well 
              have brought back from the Holy Land. The castle consists of three 
              enclosures separated by dry moats, with a keep in the inner enclosure. 
              
            Château Gaillard was captured in 1204 by 
              the French king Philip II, after a lengthy siege. In the mid-14th 
              century, the castle became the residence of the exiled David II 
              of Scotland.  
              
            The castle changed hands several times in the Hundred 
              Years' War, but in 1449 the French captured Château Gaillard 
              from the English for the last time, and from then on it remained 
              in French ownership. Henry IV of France ordered the demolition of 
              Château Gaillard in 1599; The castle ruins are listed as a 
              monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture. 
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             Château-Gaillard, above the commune of Les 
              Andelys overlooking the River Seine, in the Eure département 
              of historical Normandy, now Upper Normandy, France. 
              
            Château Gaillard is a ruined medieval castle 
              
             Construction began in 1196 under the auspices 
              of Richard the Lionheart, King of England and Duke of Normandy. 
              The castle was built in just two years, at the same time the town 
              of Petit Andely 
              
            . Château Gaillard has a complex and advanced 
              design - possibly designed by Richard himself. It uses principles 
              of concentric fortification It was also one of the earliest European 
              castles to use machicolations - an idea that Richard might well 
              have brought back from the Holy Land. The castle consists of three 
              enclosures separated by dry moats, with a keep in the inner enclosure. 
              
            Château Gaillard was captured in 1204 by 
              the French king, Philip II, after a lengthy siege. In the mid-14th 
              century, the castle became the residence of the exiled David II 
              of Scotland.  
              
            The castle changed hands several times in the Hundred 
              Years' War, but in 1449 the French captured Château Gaillard 
              from the English for the last time, and from then on it remained 
              in French ownership.  
              
            Henry IV of France ordered the demolition of Château 
              Gaillard in 1599; The castle ruins are listed as a monument historique 
              by the French Ministry of Culture. 
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             Château-Gaillard, above the commune of Les 
              Andelys overlooking the River Seine, in the Eure département 
              of historical Normandy, now Upper Normandy, France. 
              
            Château Gaillard is a ruined medieval castle 
              
             Construction began in 1196 under the auspices 
              of Richard the Lionheart, King of England and Duke of Normandy. 
              The castle was built in just two years, at the same time the town 
              of Petit Andely 
              
            . Château Gaillard has a complex and advanced 
              design - possibly designed by Richard himself. It uses principles 
              of concentric fortification It was also one of the earliest European 
              castles to use machicolations - an idea that Richard might well 
              have brought back from the Holy Land. The castle consists of three 
              enclosures separated by dry moats, with a keep in the inner enclosure. 
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             Ceiling 
            Opéra Garnier 
            Paris, France 
              
            The Palais Garnier is a 1,979-seat opera house, 
              built from 1861 to 1875 for the Paris Opera. The theatre was known 
              as the Opéra de Paris or simply the Opéra, but  
            has come to be became known as the Palais Garnier 
              in recognition of its opulence and its architect, Charles Garnier. 
              
            It was the primary home of the Paris Opera and 
              its associated Paris Opera Ballet until 1989, when the Opéra 
              Bastille opened at the Place de la Bastille, leaving the Palais 
              Garnier for ballet. 
             
              
            The Palais Garnier also houses the Bibliothèque-Musée 
              de l'Opéra de Paris (Paris Opera Library-Museum). 
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             Château de Germolles 
            Mellecey, Burgundy, France. 
              
            The Château de Germolles is the best preserved 
              of the residences of the Dukes of Burgundy. Built during the second 
              part of the 14th century, it is important for the history of the 
              region and a rare example of a well-preserved surviving 14th Century 
              French castle. 
              
            It has been listed as a Historic monument since 
              1989. 
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             Château Fort de Gisors, Haute-Normandie, 
              France 
              
            King William II of England ordered Robert of Bellême 
              to build the first castle at Gisors. Henry I of England was responsible 
              for the octagonal stone keep surmounting the motte. Henry's work 
              at Gisors was part of a programme of royal castle building in Normandy 
              during his reign to secure the region against the aspirations of 
              the French crown. 
              
             The castle is also known for its links with the 
              Templars. Put into their charge by the French king between 1158 
              and 1160, it became the final prison of the Grand Master of the 
              Order, Jacques de Molay, in 1314. 
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             Château Fort de Gisors, Haute-Normandie, 
              France 
              
            King William II of England ordered Robert of Bellême 
              to build the first castle at Gisors. Henry I of England was responsible 
              for the octagonal stone keep surmounting the motte. Henry's work 
              at Gisors was part of a programme of royal castle building in Normandy 
              during his reign to secure the region against the aspirations of 
              the French crown. 
              
             The castle is also known for its links with the 
              Templars. Put into their charge by the French king between 1158 
              and 1160, it became the final prison of the Grand Master of the 
              Order, Jacques de Molay, in 1314. 
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             Château de la Goujeonnerie 
            Vendee, France 
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             Château de Goulaine, Loire Valley, near Nantes, 
              France. 
              
            The Château de Goulaine is a former château-fort 
              or castle, now a country house. 
              
            The Goulaine family ownership of the estate continued 
              uninterrupted until 1788 when it was sold to a Dutch banker. This 
              saved the château from destruction during the French Revolution. 
              In 1858, a member of the Goulaine family reacquired the estate and 
              maintains it today. 
              
            Apart from this this break, the château has 
              been home to the family of the Marquis de Goulaine for over a thousand 
              y ears. 
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             Château de Goulaine, Loire Valley, near Nantes, 
              France. 
              
            Coats of arms do not come more prestigious than 
              this: England dimidiated with France ancient 
              
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             Garden Room 
            Grand Trianon 
            Versailles, Île-de-France, France. 
              
            The Grand Trianon is a Château / palace built 
              in the northwestern part of the Domain of Versailles at the request 
              of Louis XIV, as a retreat for the King and his maîtresse 
              en titre of the time, the marquise de Montespan, and as a place 
              where the King and invited guests could take collations away from 
              the strict étiquette of the Court. 
              
            The Grand Trianon is set within its own park, which 
              includes the Petit Trianon (a smaller château built between 
              1762 and 1768 during the reign of Louis XV). 
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             Château Fort de Guédelon, Treigny, 
              Yonne, Burgundy, France 
              
            Château Fort de Guédelon (Guédelon 
              Castle) is a medieval construction project. The object of which 
              is to build a castle using only the techniques and materials used 
              in the Middle Ages.  
              
            Building materials, including wood and stone, are 
              obtained locally. Jacques Moulin, the chief architect for the project, 
              designed the castle according to the architectural model developed 
              during the 12th and 13th centuries by Philip II of France. 
              
            Construction started in 1997 under Michel Guyot, 
              owner of Saint-Fargeau castle. The site was chosen in the light 
              of the availability of a stone quarry, in a large forest, with a 
              pond close by. 
              
            The project has created 55 jobs and is now a tourist 
              destination, with more than 300 000 visits each year 
              
            When completed in the 2020s, it should be an authentic 
              recreation of a 13th-century medieval castle. 
            . 
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            Château Fort de Guédelon 
            Treigny, Yonne, Burgundy, France 
            2013 
              
            Château Fort de Guédelon (Guédelon 
              Castle) is a medieval construction project. The object of which 
              is to build a castle using only the techniques and materials used 
              in the Middle Ages.  
              
            Building materials, including wood and stone, are 
              obtained locally. Jacques Moulin, the chief architect for the project, 
              designed the castle according to the architectural model developed 
              during the 12th and 13th centuries by Philip II of France. 
              
            Construction started in 1997 under Michel Guyot, 
              owner of Saint-Fargeau castle. The site was chosen in the light 
              of the availability of a stone quarry, in a large forest, with a 
              pond close by. 
              
            The project has created 55 jobs and is now a tourist 
              destination, with more than 300 000 visits each year 
              
            When completed in the 2020s, it should be an authentic 
              recreation of a 13th-century medieval castle. 
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             Château du Gué-Péan  
            Monthou-sur-Cher, Loir-et-Cher, Centre, France 
              
            Monument historique 
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             Château d'Harcourt 
            Harcourt, Eure, France 
              
            The Château d'Harcourt is the cradle of the 
              Harcourt family. The first stone castle here was built by Robert 
              II d'Harcourt, a crusader companion of Richard Lionheart.  
              
            Harcourts appear later among the most important 
              barons of Normandy. Jean II d'Harcourt was a Maréchal de 
              France. 
              
            The castle is one of the best preserved castles 
              in the country and contains the oldest arboretum in France. 
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             Château d'Harcourt 
            Harcourt, Eure, France 
              
            The Château d'Harcourt is the cradle of the 
              Harcourt family. The first stone castle here was built by Robert 
              II d'Harcourt, a crusader companion of Richard Lionheart.  
              
            Harcourts appear later among the most important 
              barons of Normandy. Jean II d'Harcourt was a Maréchal de 
              France. 
              
            The castle is one of the best preserved castles 
              in the country and contains the oldest arboretum in France. 
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             Château d'Harcourt 
            Harcourt, Eure, France 
              
            The Château d'Harcourt is the cradle of the 
              Harcourt family. The first stone castle here was built by Robert 
              II d'Harcourt, a crusader companion of Richard Lionheart.  
              
            Harcourts appear later among the most important 
              barons of Normandy. Jean II d'Harcourt was a Maréchal de 
              France. 
              
            The castle is one of the best preserved castles 
              in the country and contains the oldest arboretum in France. 
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             Château fort de la Hunaudaye - Plédéliac, 
              Côtes-d'Armor, Brittany, France 
              
            Castle Hunaudaye is a thirteenth century castle. 
              It is classified as a Monument historique since February 1922. 
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             La cour dhonneur, lhôtel des 
              Invalides, 7th arrondissement, Paris, France 
              
            Les Invalide , officially L'Hôtel national 
              des Invalides (The National Town-House of the Invalids), is a complex 
              of buildings containing museums and monuments, relating to the military 
              history of France, as well as a hospital and a retirement home for 
              war veterans (the building's original purpose). 
              
             The complex houses the Musée de l'Armée, 
              the military museum of the Army of France, the Musée des 
              Plans-Reliefs, and the Musée d'Histoire Contemporaine, as 
              well as the burial site for some of France's war heroes. 
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             La cour dhonneur, lhôtel des 
              Invalides, 7th arrondissement, Paris, France 
              
            Les Invalide , officially L'Hôtel national 
              des Invalides (The National Town-House of the Invalids), is a complex 
              of buildings containing museums and monuments, relating to the military 
              history of France, as well as a hospital and a retirement home for 
              war veterans (the building's original purpose). 
              
             The complex houses the Musée de l'Armée, 
              the military museum of the Army of France, the Musée des 
              Plans-Reliefs, and the Musée d'Histoire Contemporaine, as 
              well as the burial site for some of France's war heroes. 
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             Palais de l'Isle, Annecy, France 
              
            The Palais de l'Isle is a castle in the Thiou canal, 
              built in 1132. It was the primary residence of the Lord of Annecy 
              as early as the 12th century, and later became the Count of Geneva's 
              administrative headquarters. 
              
            Later it became a courthouse, a mint, and finally 
              a jail from the Middle Ages until 1865, and then again during World 
              War II.  
              
            The Palais de l'Ile was classified as a Historical 
              Monument in 1900, and today houses a local history museum. 
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             Château de l'Islette 
            Azay-le-Rideau, Indre-et-Loire, France 
              
            Château de l'Islette is a castle dating from 
              the sixteenth century. It was built near the Indre (a tributary 
              tof the Loire), not to be confused with the nearby Château 
              d'Azay-le-Rideau. The interior has been classified as a monument 
              historique since 1946. 
              
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             Château de Josselin 
            Josselin 
            Morbihan 
            Brittany 
            France 
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             Château de Kerguéhennec 
            Bignan, Morbihan, Bretagne, France 
              
            Le château de Kerguéhennec, dating 
              from the eighteenth century, is known as the Breton Versailles 
              
             It is now a contemorary art centre.it was classé 
              as a monument historique in 1988. The parc was incrit at the same 
              time. 
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             Haut Koenigbourg castle  
            [French Château du Haut-Knigsbourg] 
            [German Hohkönigsburg] 
            Orschwiller 
            Alsace 
            France 
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             Château de Langeais  
            (a medieval castle rebuilt as a château) 
            Indre-et-Loire 
            France  
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             The Château de Langeais, Indre-et-Loire, 
              France. 
              
            The Château de Langeais is a medieval castle, 
              rebuilt as a country house, sited on a promontory created by the 
              small valley of the Roumer River at the opening to the Loire Valley. 
             
              
            Founded in 992 by Fulk Nerra, Count of Anjou, the 
              castle was soon attacked by Odo I, Count of Blois. After the unsuccessful 
              attack, the ruined stone keep was built and is now one of the earliest 
              datable examples of a stone keep.  
              
            After it was destroyed during the Hundred Years' 
              War, King Louis XI (14611483) rebuilt the château as 
              what today is one of the best known examples of late medieval architecture. 
              It is noted for its monumental and highly decorated chimneypieces. 
             
              
            Restored in the late 19th century, the Château 
              de Langeais came under the control of the Institut de France, who 
              own the site today. It is listed as a monument historique by the 
              French Ministry of Culture and is open to the public. 
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             The Château de Langeais, Indre-et-Loire, 
              France, 
              
            The Château de Langeais is a medieval castle, 
              rebuilt as a country house, sited on a promontory created by the 
              small valley of the Roumer River at the opening to the Loire Valley. 
             
              
            Founded in 992 by Fulk Nerra, Count of Anjou, the 
              castle was soon attacked by Odo I, Count of Blois. After the unsuccessful 
              attack, the ruined stone keep was built and is now one of the earliest 
              datable examples of a stone keep.  
              
            After it was destroyed during the Hundred Years' 
              War, King Louis XI (14611483) rebuilt the château as 
              what today is one of the best known examples of late medieval architecture. 
              It is noted for its monumental and highly decorated chimneypieces. 
             
              
            Restored in the late 19th century, the Château 
              de Langeais came under the control of the Institut de France, who 
              own the site today. It is listed as a monument historique by the 
              French Ministry of Culture and is open to the public. 
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             Floor, The Château de Langeais, Indre-et-Loire, 
              France. 
              
            The Château de Langeais is a medieval castle, 
              rebuilt as a country house, sited on a promontory created by the 
              small valley of the Roumer River at the opening to the Loire Valley. 
             
              
            Founded in 992 by Fulk Nerra, Count of Anjou, the 
              castle was soon attacked by Odo I, Count of Blois. After the unsuccessful 
              attack, the ruined stone keep was built and is now one of the earliest 
              datable examples of a stone keep.  
              
            After it was destroyed during the Hundred Years' 
              War, King Louis XI (14611483) rebuilt the château as 
              what today is one of the best known examples of late medieval architecture. 
              It is noted for its monumental and highly decorated chimneypieces. 
             
              
            Restored in the late 19th century, the Château 
              de Langeais came under the control of the Institut de France, who 
              own the site today. It is listed as a monument historique by the 
              French Ministry of Culture and is open to the public. 
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             Château de Lassay 
            Lassay-les-Châteaux, Mayenne, France. 
              
            The original castrum or castellum here, built in 
              the early years of the twelfth century, was probably a motte and 
              bailey castle. 
              
            The present Château de Lassay was classified 
              as a monument historique in 1862 and is still a private residence. 
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             Château de Lassay 
            Lassay-les-Châteaux, Mayenne, France. 
              
            The original castrum or castellum here, built in 
              the early years of the twelfth century, was probably a motte and 
              bailey castle. 
              
            The present Château de Lassay was classified 
              as a monument historique in 1862 and is still a private residence. 
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             Châteaux de Lastours 
            Lastours, Aude, Languedoc, France. 
              
            CATHAR 
              CASTLES 
              
            Lastours (Occitan: Las Tors = Les Tours = The towers) 
              is an unusual arrangement of three castle towers (now four). The 
              original castles belonged to the Lords of Cabaret, who held them 
              in fief from the Trencavels. They received troubadours here, including 
              Raymond de Miraval and Peire Vidal, who dedicated verses to the 
              Cathar Ladies of the place. 
              
            During the Cathar Crusade this was one of the most 
              ardent centres of resistance to the French Crusaders, 
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              Châteaux de Lastours 
            Lastours, département of l'Aude, France 
              
            CATHAR 
              CASTLES 
              
            The Châteaux de Lastours (in Occitan Lastors) 
              are three Cathar castles (and a later French one). 
              
             The four castles are on a rocky spur above the 
              village of Lastours, isolated by the deep valleys of the Orbeil 
              and Grésilhou rivers.  
              
            They were built at an altitude of 300 m along a 
              rock wall just 1300 feet (~400 m) long by 165 feet (~50 m) wide. 
             
              
            Cabaret, Surdespine and la Tour Régine [the 
              French one] stand in line, while Quertinheux is built on a separate 
              pinnacle close by.  
              
            The site has been classified monument historique 
              (historic monument) by the French Ministry of Culture since 1905. 
              Archaeological digs are still in progress. 
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             The Château de Lichtenberg 
             Lichtenberg, northern Vosges, Bas-Rhin department, 
              Alsace, France. 
              
            The Château de Lichtenberg is a castle built 
              on a singular prominence, built in the 13th century by the Hanau-Lichtenberg 
              family. It was in the center of a constantly shifting territory, 
              which traded hands many times until the Franco-Prussian War in 1870, 
              when it was partly destroyed by artillery fire and the resulting 
              fires. 
              
            It was left to deteriorate for 120 years. In the 
              1990s, a massive consolidation project was undertaken on the ruins, 
              with an investment of 52 million francs. 
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             Château de Long 
            Somme, Picardie, France 
              
            The 18th-century château, in pink brick and 
              white stone, with a mansard roof, was constructed on the site of 
              a medieval castle. 
              
            During the Second World War, the building was badly 
              damaged by occupying troops, who burnt doors, windows and flooring. 
              Restored during the 1960s, the building is now open to the public. 
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             Fort-la-Latte (Castle of La Latte) 
            Fréhel, Côtes-d'Armor, Brittany, France 
              
            Fort-la-Latte is located about 4 km southeast of 
              Cap Fréhel and about 35 km west of Saint-Malo. The castle 
              was built on the Baie de la Fresnaye in the 13th century.  
              
            Various films have been shot at this site, including 
              The Vikings (1958). The main tower was used in a scene in Ridley 
              Scott's documentary film Life in a Day (2011). 
              
            The castle has been classified as a monument historique 
              by the French Ministry of Culture since 1925. It is a famous tourist 
              attraction on the Cote d'Émeraude.  
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             Le château de Lavoûte-Polignac 
             Lavoûte-sur-Loire, Haute-Loire, France 
              
             It is one of the châteaux of the Loire. 
             
              
            It was for centuries one of the favourite rences 
              of the Polignac family. Like most other French château it 
              was siezed by the state in 1793 (the Polignac family having escaped 
              to Vienna) and sold off as a "national good". 
              
            In the nineteenth century the Polignac family bought 
              it back, and Melchior, Comte de Polignac, had the south aisle repaired 
              (the other two wings having fallen too far into ruin). 
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             Fort-la-Latte (Castle of La Latte) 
            Fréhel, Côtes-d'Armor, Brittany, France 
              
            Fort-la-Latte is located about 4 km southeast of 
              Cap Fréhel and about 35 km west of Saint-Malo. The castle 
              was built on the Baie de la Fresnaye in the 13th century.  
              
            Various films have been shot at this site, including 
              The Vikings (1958). The main tower was used in a scene in Ridley 
              Scott's documentary film Life in a Day (2011). 
              
            The castle has been classified as a monument historique 
              by the French Ministry of Culture since 1925. It is a tourist attraction 
              on the Cote d'Émeraude.  
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             Château de Losse 
            Périgord, Dordogne, France 
              
            The medieval Château de Losse overlooks the 
              Vézère river. It is located near the Lascaux pre-historic 
              caves.  
              
            In 1575 a Renaissance Hall was built within the 
              stronghold. It was enclosed by curtain walls and surrounded by a 
              deep ditch.. 
              
             The Château and its gardens have been listed 
              as French Historical House and Site since 1928. 
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             Louvre, 75001 Paris, France 
              
            The Louvre Palace (Palais du Louvre), which houses 
              the present museum, was begun as a fortress by Philip II in the 
              12th century, with remnants of this building still visible in the 
              crypt. 
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             Château du Lude 
            Le Lude, Sarthe department, Pays-de-la-Loire, France 
              
            The Château du Lude is one of the many great 
              châteaux of the Loire Valley and stands at the crossroads 
              of Anjou, Maine and Touraine. 
              
            Le Lude is an old stronghold transformed into an 
              elegant house during the Renaissance and the 18th century. It has 
              been inhabited by the same family for the last 260 years.  
              
            The Château gardens have evolved throughout 
              the centuries, with an English style landscape, a rose garden, topiaries, 
              a labyrinth and a botanical walk. 
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             la Salle du Livre dOr, Palais du Luxembourg, 
              6th Arrondissement, Paris, France 
              
            The palace was built as a royal residence for Marie 
              de Médicis, mother of king Louis XIII of France and of Gaston, 
              duc d'Orléans, near the site of an old hôtel particulier 
              owned by François-Henri de Montmorency, duc de Piney-Luxembourg, 
              which is now called the Palais du Petit-Luxembourg.. 
              
            The Luxembourg Palace is npw the seat of the French 
              Senate. 
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             Château de la Madeleine 
            Chevreuse, département of Yvelines, Île 
              de France, France. 
              
            The construction of the Château de la Madeleine 
              began between 1020 and 1090, under Guy I, Lord of Chevreuse. From 
              this period, only the keep remains. Originally, the keep was surrounded 
              by a wooden palisade, replaced by stone curtain walls during the 
              12th century. 
              
            A century later, probably under Anseau de Chevreuse, 
              the castle was modified, notably with the construction of the machicolations. 
              The gatehouse was protected by a moat. 
              
            The castle changed hands in 1356. Ingerger le Grand, 
              Lord of Chevreuse and Amboise, was taken prisoner by England during 
              the Hundred Years' War. He was obliged to sell his domain to pay 
              his ransom; the castle was bought by the future Pierre de Chevreuse. 
              
            The existing fortifications were improved under 
              the reigns of Charles V and Charles VI; who financed the outworks 
              with royal taxes. Modifications were completed under Louis XI (1461 
               1483).  
            The village was also fortified: a crenelated rampart, 
              3.5 m high (11.5 feet) with turrets, was built. The defence was 
              completed by a 15 m large ditch (50 feet). 
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             Château de la Madeleine 
            Chevreuse, département of Yvelines, Île 
              de France, France. 
              
            The construction of the Château de la Madeleine 
              began between 1020 and 1090, under Guy I, Lord of Chevreuse. From 
              this period, only the keep remains.  
              
            Originally, the keep was surrounded by a wooden 
              palisade, replaced by stone curtain walls during the 12th century. 
            A century later, probably under the reign of Anseau 
              de Chevreuse, the castle was modified, notably with the construction 
              of the machicolations. The gatehouse was protected by a moat. 
              
            The castle changed hands in 1356. Ingerger le Grand, 
              Lord of Chevreuse and Amboise, was taken prisoner by the English 
              during the Hundred Years' War. He was obliged to sell his domain 
              to pay his ransom; the castle was bought by the future Pierre de 
              Chevreuse. 
              
            The existing fortifications were improved under 
              the reigns of Charles V and Charles VI; who financed the outworks 
              with royal taxes. Modifications were completed under Louis XI (1461 
               1483).  
              
            The village was also fortified: a crenelated rampart, 
              3.5 m high (11.5 feet) with turrets, was built. The defence was 
              completed by a 15 m large ditch (50 feet). 
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             Château de Maisons (now Château de 
              Maisons-Laffitte), Maisons-Laffitte, northwestern Paris, department 
              of Yvelines, Île-de-France. 
              
            Le château de Maisons-Laffitte was designed 
              by François Mansart from 1630 to 1651. It is a prime example 
              of French baroque architecture and a reference point in the history 
              of French architecture. 
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             Salon doré at the Château de Malmaison, 
              Rueil-Malmaison, Hauts-de-Seine, France 
              
            The Château de Malmaison is a country house 
              about 12 km (7 mi) from Paris, formerly the residence of Joséphine 
              de Beauharnais. Along with the Tuileries, it was from 1800 to 1802 
              the headquarters of the French government. 
              
            Joséphine de Beauharnais bought the manor 
              house in April 1799 for herself and her husband, General Napoléon 
              Bonaparte, the future Napoléon I of France, who was at that 
              time away fighting the Egyptian Campaign. 
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             The Château de Mauvezin 
            Mauvezin, Hautes-Pyrénées, . 
              
            The site, occupied since the Dark Ages, was transformed 
              into a castrum in the Middle Ages. The castle was built by Gaston 
              Phoebus around 1380.  
              
            Following the merging of Bigorre into the Kingdom 
              of France in 1607, the castle fell into disuse and was dismantled, 
              its stones used for other buildings. 
              
            Today, the castle is being restored and is listed 
              as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture. 
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            The Château de Mauvezin 
            Mauvezin, Hautes-Pyrénées, France. 
              
            The site, occupied since the Dark Ages, was transformed 
              into a castrum in the Middle Ages. The castle was built by Gaston 
              Phoebus around 1380.  
              
            Following the merging of Bigorre into the Kingdom 
              of France in 1607, the castle fell into disuse and was dismantled, 
              its stones used for other buildings. 
              
            Today, the castle is being restored and is listed 
              as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture. 
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             The Château de Mauvezin 
            Mauvezin, Gers, Hautes-Pyrénées, 
              France. 
              
            The site, occupied since prehistory, was transformed 
              into a castrum in the Middle Ages and later into a castle with a 
              square plan. The present castle was built around 1380, by the great 
              Gaston Phoebus, Count of Foix and Viscount of Béarn,. 
              
            Foix along with Bigorre were absorbed into the 
              Kingdom of France in 1607, after which the Count's castle fell into 
              disuse. It was dismantled its stones being used for other buildings. 
              
            Today, the castle is being restored. It is listed 
              as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture. 
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             Château de Mauvezin 
            Mauvezin, Hautes-Pyrénées, France. 
              
            The site, occupied since protohistory, was transformed 
              into a castrum in the Middle Ages, later contracting to a castle. 
             
              
            The present castle was built by Gaston Fébus 
              (or Phoebus) around 1380. Following the merging of Bigorre into 
              the Kingdom of France in 1607, it fell into disuse and was dismantled, 
              its stones being used for other buildings. 
              
            Today, the castle is being restored. It is listed 
              as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture. 
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             Château de Meillant 
            Meillant, Cher, Centre, France 
              
            Château de Meillant is a Renaissance Château 
              with elements dating from the thirteenth century. 
              
            It was Inscrit in 1926, and classé as a 
              monument historique 1963 
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             Roof 
            Château de Ménessaire 
            Ménessaire 
            Côte-d'Or department 
            Bourgogne 
            France 
              
             The Château de Ménessaire was inscrit 
              as a Monument historique in 1973 
              
              
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             Château de Ménessaire 
            Ménessaire 
            Côte-d'Or department 
            Bourgogne 
            France 
              
             The Château de Ménessaire was inscrit 
              as a Monument historique in 1973 
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             Château de Menthon Saint-Bernard  
              above the lac d'Annecy, Haute-Savoie, France. 
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             Château de Menthon Saint-Bernard  
            above the lac d'Annecy, Haute-Savoie, France. 
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             Château de Meung-sur-Loire 
            Meung-sur-Loire , Loiret, France. 
              
            The Château de Meung-sur-Loire was the country 
              residence of the Bishops of Orléans.  
              
            It was the site of the Battle of Meung-sur-Loire 
              in 1429 and was destroyed and rebuilt several times. The oldest 
              parts of this former episcopal palace date from the 12th century 
              and were built by Manassès de Seignelay (bishop from 1207 
              to 1221). Still standing are the main rectangular plan building, 
              flanked by three towers (the fourth having been destroyed.) 
              
            Beneath the castle are dungeons, a chapel and various 
              medieval torture instruments. .In fiction, it was featured by Alexandre 
              Dumas in The Three Musketeers as the village where d'Artagnan 
              first encounters the villainous Comte de Rochefort.  
              
            It has been listed since 1988 as a monument historique 
              by the French Ministry of Culture. 
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             Château de Monbazillac, Dordogne, Aquitane, 
              France. 
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            Montal Castle 
            Saint-Jean-Lespinasse, Lot, Midi-Pyrénées, 
              France 
              
            The Château de Montal, situated in the vallée 
              de la Bave, is a Renaissance château with two wings flanking 
              the courtyard. It has three round and one square tower. 
              
             It was classified as historical monument in 1909. 
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             Montrottier Castle, Lovagny, France 
              
            Montrottier Castle was built between the 13th and 
              15th century above the Gorges du Fier. It is a pentagonal fortress 
              arranged around a cylindrical tower with battlements. 
              
            The oldest buildings including the round tower 
              date from the 13th century, the others belong to the 15th. The Knights 
              dwelling, the Earls'dwelling, the curtain wall and the keep date 
              back to the Fifteenth century. 
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             Montségur is a castle in the foothills of 
              the Pyrenees, not far from Lavelanet, due South from Mirepoix in 
              the Ariege, France. 
              
            CATHAR 
              CASTLE 
              
            Some 225 Cathars were burned alive at the Château 
              de Montsegur in 1244 for the crime of not being Catholic. A Garrison 
              of around 200 had defended them for 10 months against a French Crusader 
              army of 5,000 - 10,000 before they surrendered. A monument on the 
              site reads 
              
            EN CE LIEU LE 16 MARS 1244  
              PLUS DE 200 PERSONNES ONT ÉTÉ BRULÉES.  
              ELLES NAVAIENT PAS VOULU RENIER LEUR FOI. 
              
            IN THIS PLACE ON 16th MARCH 1244 
              MORE THAN 200 PEOPLE WERE BURNED. 
              THEY WOULD NOT ABJURE THEIR FAITH 
              
            There were so many victims that a special wooden 
              pen had to be constructed, filled with heaps of brushwood, to burn 
              them. A clerical chronicler preened that they passed directly from 
              the flames of this world to the flames on the next. 
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             Château de la Motte 
            Acqueville, lOrne, Normandie, France  
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             Château de la Motte Husson, Martigne Sur 
              Mayenne 53470, France 
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             Château de La Motte-Tilly 
            10400 La Motte-Tilly 
            Aube 
            France 
              
              
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            Château de Najac 
            Najac, Aveyron, France. 
              
            The the royal fortress of Najac was built in 1253 
              on the orders of Alphonse de Poitiers, brother of Saint Louis, on 
              the site of a square tower built in 1100 by Bertrand of St Gilles, 
              son of Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse before the area was annexed 
              by France. 
              
            The castle is built at the summit of a hill formed 
              by a loop of the river. 
              
            The castle holds a world record for its 6.80 metre 
              high archères (arrow loops), designed to allow use by three 
              archers at the same time. A secret corridor, hidden within the walls, 
              links the Romanesque tower to the chapel of the keep. 
              
            Najac has been near major events including, the 
              Albigensian Crusade, the Hundred Years' War, the imprisonment of 
              the Knights Templar, the peasants' revolts, and the French Revolution. 
              
            The castle has been listed as a monument historique 
              by the French Ministry of Culture since 1925. 
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            Château de Najac 
            Najac, Aveyron département, France. 
              
            The the royal fortress of Najac was built in 1253 
              on the orders of Alphonse de Poitiers, brother of Saint Louis, on 
              the site of a square tower built in 1100 by Bertrand of St Gilles, 
              son of Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse before the area was annexed 
              by France. 
              
            The castle is built at the summit of a hill formed 
              by a loop of the river. 
              
            The castle holds a world record for its 6.80 metre 
              high archères (arrow loops), designed to allow use by three 
              archers at the same time. A secret corridor, hidden within the walls, 
              links the Romanesque tower to the chapel of the keep. 
              
            Najac has been near major events including, the 
              Albigensian Crusade, the Hundred Years' War, the imprisonment of 
              the Knights Templar, the peasants' revolts, and the French Revolution. 
              
            The castle has been listed as a monument historique 
              by the French Ministry of Culture since 1925. 
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             Le château d'Ô 
            Mortrée, Orne, Normandie, France. 
              
            An eleventh century fortress stood here. A later 
              castle was constructed by Robert VII d'Ô (who was killed at 
              Agincourt in 1415), and refurbished over the subsequent centuries. 
              
            The château is built on an island in the 
              centre of a lake. The site, rectangular in shape with two towers, 
              contains a courtyard with an upper gallery. It was classified as 
              a monument historique in stages between 1964 and 1973 
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             lo Palais dei Papas (in Occitan) 
             / The Palais des Papes / Papal Palace 
            Avignon, southern France.  
              
            The Papal Palace is one of the largest and most 
              important medieval Gothic buildings in Europe.  
              
            Fortress and palace, it was the seat of Western 
              Christianity during the 14th century. Six papal conclaves were held 
              in the Palais. 
              
            The Palais is actually made up of two buildings: 
              the old Palais of Benedict XII on the rock of Doms, and the new 
              Palais of Clement VI, the most extravagant of the Avignon popes.The 
              final combination the largest Gothic building of the Middle Ages, 
              and one of the best examples of the International Gothic architectural 
              style. 
              
            Since 1995 lo Palais dei Papas has been classified, 
              along with the historic center of Avignon, as a UNESCO World Heritage 
              Site. 
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             Château de Pau, Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, 
              France  
              
            The Château de Pau is a castle in the centre 
              of Pau, the capital of Pyrénées-Atlantiques and Béarn. 
              The château is located in the centre of Pau and dominates 
              that quarter of the city  
              
            King Henry IV of France and Navarre was born here 
              on December 13, 1553. The castle has a small garden that was tended 
              by Marie Antoinette when she spent much of the summer in the city. 
              The castle was used by Napoleon as a holiday home during his period 
              of power. 
              
            The castle is classified as a Monument historique 
              since 1840 by the French Ministry of Culture. The castle contains 
              a collection of tapestries. 
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             Interior, Château de Pau, Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, 
              France. 
              
            The Château de Pau is a castle in the centre 
              of Pau, the capital of Pyrénées-Atlantiques and Béarn. 
              The château is located in the centre of Pau and dominates 
              that quarter of the city  
              
            King Henry IV of France and Navarre was born here 
              on December 13, 1553. The castle has a small garden that was tended 
              by Marie Antoinette when she spent much of the summer in the city. 
              The castle was used by Napoleon as a holiday home during his period 
              of power. 
              
            The castle is classified as a Monument historique 
              since 1840 by the French Ministry of Culture. The castle contains 
              a collection of tapestries. 
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             Musée National 
             Château de Pau 
            Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, France 
              
            The Château de Pau is a castle in the centre 
              of Pau, the capital of Pyrénées-Atlantiques and Béarn. 
              The château is located in the centre of Pau and dominates 
              that quarter of the city  
              
            King Henry IV of France and Navarre was born here 
              on December 13, 1553. The castle has a small garden that was tended 
              by Marie Antoinette when she spent much of the summer in the city. 
              The castle was used by Napoleon as a holiday home during his period 
              of power. 
              
            The castle is classified as a Monument historique 
              since 1840 by the French Ministry of Culture. The castle now contains 
              a collection of tapestries. 
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             la carapace de tortue ayant servi de berceau au 
              roi Henri IV 
              
            Interior, Château de Pau, Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, 
              France  
              
            The Château de Pau is a castle in the centre 
              of Pau, the capital of Pyrénées-Atlantiques and Béarn. 
              The château is located in the centre of Pau and dominates 
              that quarter of the city  
              
            The castle is classified as a Monument historique 
              since 1840 by the French Ministry of Culture. The castle contains 
              a collection of tapestries. 
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             Château de Peyrelade in Rivière-sur-Tarn, 
              Aveyron, France 
              
              
            A castle existed here at least as far back as the 
              12th century. It was the scene of incessant battles and sieges until 
              1633 when it was dismantled on the orders of Cardinal Richelieu. 
              Thanks to its position controlling the entrance to the Gorges du 
              Tarn, it was one of the most important castles in the Rouergue province 
              
            The name is derived from the occitan "Pèira 
              Lada", meaning wide rock 
              
            Objects found on the site suggest it was inhabited 
              in prehistoric times. 
              
              
              
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             Peyrepertuse is a ruined fortress and one of the 
              Cathar castles of the Languedoc located in the French Pyrénées 
              in the commune of Duilhac-sous-Peyrepertuse, in the Aude département. 
              
            CATHAR 
              CASTLE 
              
            The castle ruins are impressive, set high on a 
              defensive crag. From the approach road it is difficult to see where 
              the rock stops and the castle starts. The castle was built in the 
              11th century on a site dominating the Corbières and the sea. 
              The main part, resembles the prow of a ship, running along the top 
              of an 800m (2,600 ft) high crag. It houses the church of Sainte-Marie 
              and the governors residence. 
              
            The castle was associated with the Counts of Barcelona, 
              later kings of Aragon. The name Peyrepetuse is derived from Pèirapertusa, 
              Occitan, meaning Pierced Rock. The lower part of the castle was 
              built on a strategic location by the kings of Aragon in the 11th 
              Century and the higher part by the French King Louis IX later on, 
              after the area was annexed to France. The two castles are linked 
              together by a staircase. The castle lost importance as a strategic 
              castle when the border between France and Spain was moved in 1659, 
              causing the castle to be abandoned. 
              
            It was never subjected to attack  
            during the Crusade against the Cathars. Nevertheless, 
              it was surrendered to the French Crusaders 22nd of May 1217, reclaimed 
              again as the balance of power changed. Guilhem de Peyrepertuse, 
              was excommunicated in 1224 because of his refusal to submit to the 
              Catholic Crusaders. He surrendered after the siege of Carcassonne 
              (the Viscount of Carcassonne, Guilhems suzerain, having failed 
              to retake Carcassonne from the French invaders in 1240). Peyrepertuse 
              became a French possession the same year. In 1258, the Treaty of 
              Corbeil defined the border between France and Aragon for four centuries 
              : Peyrepertuse became a royal French fortress at the southern border 
              of the French kingdom. At the end of the 13th century, it was a 
              powerful stronghold with strong defences.  
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             Château Pichon 
            Parempuyre, Gironde, Aquitaine, France. 
              
            Le château Pichon was built in 1881 in a 
              neo-rrenaissance style combining various elements of the châteaux 
              de la Loire. It was inscribed in the list of monuments historiques 
              in 2000. 
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             The Château de Pierrefonds, Pierrefonds, 
              Oise département, Picardy, France. 
              
             The Château is on the southeast edge of 
              the Forest of Compiègne, north east of Paris, between Villers-Cotterêts 
              and Compiègne. 
              
            The Château de Pierrefonds still features 
              most of the characteristics of defensive military architecture from 
              the Middle Ages, though it underwent major restoration in the 19th 
              century. 
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             Chateau des Plantais 
            Le Donjon, Allier, Auvergne, France 
              
              
              
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             Château du Plessis-Bourré 
            Écuillé, Maine-et-Loire department, 
              France.  
              
            The Château du Plessis-Bourré is a 
              château in the Loire Valley, built in less than 5 years from 
              1468 to 1472 by Finance Minister Jean Bourré, principal advisor 
              to King Louis XI.  
              
            The château has not been modified externally 
              since its construction and still has a fully working drawbridge 
             
              
            It was classified as a Monument historique in 1931. 
              
            The Château du Plessis-Bourré has 
              been the location setting for numerous films. 
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             Château du Plessis-Bourré,  
            Écuillé, Maine-et-Loire department, 
              France.  
              
            The Château du Plessis-Bourré is a 
              château in the Loire Valley, built in less than 5 years from 
              1468 to 1472 by Finance Minister Jean Bourré, principal advisor 
              to King Louis XI.  
              
            The château has not been modified externally 
              since its construction and still has a fully working drawbridge 
             
              
            It was classified as a Monument historique in 1931. 
              
            The Château du Plessis-Bourré has 
              been the location setting for numerous films. 
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             Château du Plessis-Bourré,  
            Écuillé, Maine-et-Loire department, 
              France.  
              
            The Château du Plessis-Bourré is a 
              château in the Loire Valley, built in less than 5 years from 
              1468 to 1472 by Finance Minister Jean Bourré, principal advisor 
              to King Louis XI.  
              
            The château has not been modified externally 
              since its construction and still has a fully working drawbridge 
             
              
            It was classified as a Monument historique in 1931. 
              
            The Château du Plessis-Bourré has 
              been the location setting for numerous films. 
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             Château du Plessis-Bourré,  
            Écuillé, Maine-et-Loire department, 
              France.  
              
            The Château du Plessis-Bourré is a 
              château in the Loire Valley, built in less than 5 years from 
              1468 to 1472 by Finance Minister Jean Bourré, principal advisor 
              to King Louis XI.  
              
            The château has not been modified externally 
              since its construction and still has a fully working drawbridge 
             
              
            It was classified as a Monument historique in 1931. 
              
            The Château du Plessis-Bourré has 
              been the location setting for numerous films. 
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             Château du Plessis-Bourré,  
            Écuillé, Maine-et-Loire department, 
              France.  
              
            The Château du Plessis-Bourré is a 
              château in the Loire Valley, built in less than 5 years from 
              1468 to 1472 by Finance Minister Jean Bourré, principal advisor 
              to King Louis XI.  
              
            The château has not been modified externally 
              since its construction and still has a fully working drawbridge 
             
              
            It was classified as a Monument historique in 1931. 
              
            The Château du Plessis-Bourré has 
              been the location setting for numerous films. 
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             Château de Potelle (or Château de Potelles) 
             Potelle, Nord, Nord-Pas-De-Calais, France. 
              
            The Château de Potelles was built around 
              1290 by Willes (Gilles) de Mortagne, seigneur de Potelles (the chapel 
              retains a fragment of his tomb). The châtelet (entry gate) 
              on the left in the photograph dates from the fourteenth century 
              
            Le château and its chapel (outside the moat) 
              were incrit as monuments historiques in1944. 
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             Château de Potelle (or Château de Potelles) 
            Potelle, Nord, Nord-Pas-De-Calais, France 
              
            The Château de Potelles was built around 
              1290 by Willes (Gilles) de Mortagne, seigneur de Potelles (the chapel 
              retains a fragment of his tomb). The châtelet (entry gate) 
              shown here dates from the fourteenth century 
              
            Le château and its chapel (outside the moat) 
              were incrit as monuments historiques in1944. 
              
              
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             Medieval walled cité of Provins 
            Provins 
            Seine-et-Marne 
            Île-de-France 
            France.  
              
            Provins, a town of medieval fairs, became a UNESCO 
              World Heritage Site in 2001 
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             Château de Puilaurens 
             Lapradelle-Puilaurens, Aude département, 
             
            Laguedoc-Roussillon, France 
              
            CATHAR 
              CASTLE 
              
            The Château de Puilaurens (also Puylaurens; 
              in Occitan: lo Castèl de Puèg-Laurenç) is one 
              of the so-called Cathar castles in what is now the South of France. 
              
             The castle stands on a spur of rock above the 
              Boulzane Valley and the villages of Lapradelle and Puilaurens.  
              
             from an unusual angle 
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             Château de Puilaurens 
             Lapradelle-Puilaurens, Aude département, 
              Laguedoc-Roussillon, France 
              
            CATHAR 
              CASTLE 
              
            The Château de Puilaurens (also Puylaurens; 
              in Occitan: lo Castèl de Puèg-Laurenç) is one 
              of the so-called Cathar castles in what is now the South of France. 
              
             The castle stands on a spur of rock above the 
              Boulzane Valley and the villages of Lapradelle and Puilaurens.  
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             Château de Puymartin 
            Marquay, Dordogne,  
              
            The castle was built during the 13th century. 
              
            It is listed as a monument historique by the French 
              Ministry of Culture. 
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             Quéribus 
            Cucugnan, Aude, Languedoc, France. 
              
            CATHAR 
              CASTLE 
              
            The castle of Quéribus is high and isolated. 
              It stands on top of the highest peak for miles around. From a distance 
              it can be seen on the horizon, sticking up into the sky. Quéribus 
              is sometimes regarded as the last Cathar stronghold. In a sense 
              it was. After the fall of the Château of Montségur 
              in 1244 surviving Cathars gathered together in the Corbières 
              at this mountain-top stronghold on the border of Aragon (The present 
              border between the Aude département and the Pyrénées-Orientales 
              département). The Cathar deacon of the Razès, Benoît 
              de Termes, took refuge here under Chabert de Barbaira, who was finally 
              forced to surrender to Saint-Louis in 1255. The last stronghold 
              to fall, eleven years after the fall of Montségur, Quéribus 
              then became part of the French frontier defence system against Aragon. 
              
            This is one of the Five Sons of Carcassonne, 
              along with Termes, Aguilar, Peyrepertuse and Puilaurens: five castles 
              strategically placed to defend the new French border against the 
              Spanish. It lost all strategic importance after the Treaty of the 
              Pyrenees in 1659 when the border was moved even further south to 
              its present position along the crest of the Pyrenees. 
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             Quéribus 
             Cucugnan, Aude, Languedoc, France. 
              
            CATHAR 
              CASTLE 
              
            The castle of Quéribus is high and isolated. 
              It stands on top of the highest peak for miles around. From a distance 
              it can be seen on the horizon, sticking up into the sky. Quéribus 
              is sometimes regarded as the last Cathar stronghold. In a sense 
              it was. After the fall of the Château of Montségur 
              in 1244 surviving Cathars gathered together in the Corbières 
              at this mountain-top stronghold on the border of Aragon (The present 
              border between the Aude département and the Pyrénées-Orientales 
              département). The Cathar deacon of the Razès, Benoît 
              de Termes, took refuge here under Chabert de Barbaira, who was finally 
              forced to surrender to Saint-Louis in 1255. The last stronghold 
              to fall, eleven years after the fall of Montségur, Quéribus 
              then became part of the French frontier defence system against Aragon. 
              
            This is one of the Five Sons of Carcassonne, 
              along with Termes, Aguilar, Peyrepertuse and Puilaurens: five castles 
              strategically placed to defend the new French border against the 
              Spanish. It lost all strategic importance after the Treaty of the 
              Pyrenees in 1659 when the border was moved even further south to 
              its present position along the crest of the Pyrenees. 
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             Château de Rambures 
            Rambures, Somme, France. 
              
            The château was constructed in the the 15th 
              century in the style of a late medieval military fortress. It was 
              one of the first castles in Europe to be constructed almost exclusively 
              in bricks.  
              
            The castle is set in a park, the Parc et Roseraie 
              du Château de Rambures containing a rose garden and ancient 
              trees. 
              
            It has been classified as a monument historique 
              by the French Ministry of Culture since 1927. 
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             Château de Rambures 
            Rambures, Somme, France. 
              
            The château was constructed in the the 15th 
              century in the style of a late medieval military fortress. It was 
              one of the first castles in Europe to be constructed almost exclusively 
              in bricks.  
              
            The castle is set in a park, the Parc et Roseraie 
              du Château de Rambures containing a rose garden and ancient 
              trees. 
              
            It has been classified as a monument historique 
              by the French Ministry of Culture since 1927. 
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             Château de Ratilly 
            Treigny, Yone, France 
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             Château de Ratilly 
            Treigny 
            Yonne 
            Bourgogne 
            France  
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             Château du Rivau 
            37120 Lémeré, Indre-et-Loire, Touraine, 
              France. 
              
            In 1429, towards the end of the Hundred Years' 
              War, before the siege of Orleans, Joan of Arc and her followers 
              came to fetch horses from Le Rivau, renowned for the quality of 
              the war horses that were raised there. 
              
            In Rabelais' Gargantua, it was given to captain 
              Tolmere as a reward for his victories in the Picrocholean Wars. 
              
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             Château de La Roche, Saint-Priest-la-Roche, 
              Loire département, France 
              
            The castle stands on an island in the lake formed 
              by the Villerest dam . It was built on a rocky platform overlooking 
              the Loire river from a height of 30 metres. During the 1930s, the 
              construction project for the Villerest dam by EDF condemned the 
              château to disappear below the water. It was bought for a 
              symbolic one franc by the commune. It is now situated on an island. 
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             Château de La Roche, Saint-Priest-la-Roche, 
              Loire département, France 
              
            The castle stands on an island in the lake formed 
              by the Villerest dam . It was built on a rocky platform overlooking 
              the Loire river from a height of 30 metres. During the 1930s, the 
              construction project for the Villerest dam by EDF condemned the 
              château to disappear below the water. It was bought for a 
              symbolic one franc by the commune. It is now situated on an island. 
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             Château de La Roche 
            Saint-Priest-la-Roche, Loire département, 
              France 
              
            The castle stands on an island in the lake formed 
              by the Villerest dam. It was built on a rocky platform overlooking 
              the Loire river from a height of 30 metres. During the 1930s, the 
              construction project for the Villerest dam by EDF condemned the 
              château to disappear below the water. It was bought for a 
              symbolic one franc by the commune, and is now situated on an island. 
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             Château de La Roche, Saint-Priest-la-Roche, 
              Loire département, France 
              
            The castle stands on an island in the lake formed 
              by the Villerest dam . It was built on a rocky platform overlooking 
              the Loire river from a height of 30 metres. During the 1930s, the 
              construction project for the Villerest dam by EDF condemned the 
              château to disappear below the water. It was bought for a 
              symbolic one franc by the commune. It is now situated on an island. 
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             Châteaux de La Roche-Guyon 
            La Roche-Guyon, Val-d'Oise, Île-de-France, 
              France. 
              
            The original château fort was built on the 
              hill here in the 12th century, controlling a crossing of the Seine, 
              and a route to Normandy. The donjon (keep) can still be seen at 
              the top of the photo. In the mid-13th century, a fortified manor 
              house (the château-bas) was added below. 
              
            The lord here, Guy de La Roche fell at the Battle 
              of Agincourt, and his widow was ousted from the Roche, after six 
              months of siege. 
              
            The Château-bas was largely extended in the 
              18th century. During the Second World War, it was used as German 
              Field Marshal Erwin Rommel's headquarters. 
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             Château de la Roche-Jagu 
            Ploëzal, Côtes-d'Armor, Bretagne, France. 
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             Château de la Rochepot 
            La Rochepot, Côte d'Or département, 
              Burgundy, France. 
              
            The Château de la Rochepot is a 13th-century 
              castle, later converted into a château, on the N6 to the south 
              west of the town of Beaune. 
              
            The castle was built in the 13th century on an 
              outcrop of limestone to the north of the village of La Rochepot. 
              As with many castles, it fell into ruin after the medieval period 
              and was restored in the 19th century. It is open to visitors. 
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             Château de Roquetaillade 
            Mazères (near Bordeaux), Gironde, France. 
              
            Charlemagne, on his way to the Pyrenees with Roland, 
              built the first fortification there. Of Charlemagne's castle, nothing 
              remains but ruins. In 1306 (with a license to crenelate from the 
              English King Edward I) Cardinal de la Mothe (nephew of Pope Clement 
              V) built the present castle (le Château Neuf), square in plan 
              with six towers and a central keep. This structure was restored 
              by Viollet-le-Duc in the nineteenth century.  
              
            The château park includes remains of the 
              medieval curtain wall with the barbican. The castle has been lived 
              in by the same family for over 700 years. 
              
            The castle has served as a location for several 
              films, including Fantômas contre Scotland Yard and 
              Le Pacte des loups.  
              
            It was listed as a monument historique by the French 
              Ministry of Culture in 1840. 
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             Chapel roof, The Château de Roquetaillade, 
              Mazères (near Bordeaux), Gironde, France 
              
            Charlemagne, built the first fortification there 
              on his way to the Pyrenees with Roland, but nothing remains of this 
              structure except but imposing ruins. 
              
            In 1306, with the permission of the English King 
              Edward I, Cardinal de la Mothe, nephew of Pope Clement V built a 
              second fortress (le Château Neuf), square in plan with six 
              towers and a central keep. This structure was restored by Viollet-le-Duc 
              and one of his pupils, Duthoit, between 1850 and 1870. The extraordinary 
              interior decorations, with its furnishings and paintings, were created 
              by Viollet-le-Duc. 
            . 
            The castle has been lived in by the same family 
              for over 700 years. Its park includes remains of the medieval curtain 
              wall with the barbican, the Pesquey stream and its banks, the 19th 
              century chalet, and the Crampet pigeoniere. 
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             Le potager du château de La Roche-Guyon, 
              La Roche-Guyon, Val-d'Oise department, Île-de-France, France. 
              
            A castle (still standing) was built in the 12th 
              century, controlling a river crossing of the Seine 
              
            In the mid-13th century, a fortified manor house 
              was added below. Guy de La Roche fell at the Battle of Agincourt, 
              and his widow was ousted from the Roche, after six months of siege, 
              in 1419; she preferred to depart rather than accept Henry Plantagenet 
              as her overlord. 
              
             The Castle passed to the Liancourt family with 
              the marriage of Roger de Plessis-Liancourt to the heiress Marie 
              de La Roche; he was a childhood companion of Louis XIII, first gentleman 
              of the Chambre du Roi and made a duke in 1643. He and his wife made 
              great changes to the château-bas, opening windows in its structure 
              and laying out the terrace to the east, partly cut into the mountain's 
              steep slope. 
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             Château du Sailhant 
            Andelat, Cantal, France 
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             Château St-Ferriol 
            Saint-Ferriol, Aude, Languedoc-Roussillon, France. 
              
            The Château St-Ferriol, is a late-medieval 
              / early Renaissance castle in the heart of Cathar Country, built 
              by a family (de Planh in Occitan or de Plaigne in French) at least 
              three members of which were besieged at Montsegur in 1244. 
              
            The photo shows the Château in the early 
              morning mist. 
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             Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye 
            Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Yvelines, France 
              
            The Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye a royal 
              palace locatd eabout 19 km west of Paris. Today, it houses the Musée 
              d'Archéologie Nationale (Frenc hNational Museum of Archaeology). 
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             Château Saint-Hilaire, 
            Sud de Louviers, Eure, Haute-Normandie, France 
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             Mont Saint-Michel 
            located one kilometre  
            off France's northwestern coast 
            at the mouth of the Couesnon River near Avranches 
            Normandy 
            France 
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             Mont Saint-Michel 
            50170 Le Mont-Saint-Michel 
            Normandy 
            France. 
              
            Mont Saint-Michel is an island commune approximately 
              one kilometre off France's northwestern coast, at the mouth of the 
              Couesnon River near Avranches. 
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             Saint-Nazaire-sur-Charente 
             Charente-Maritime, France  
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             Château de Saissac 
            Saissac, Aude département, Languedoc, France. 
              
            CATHAR 
              CASTLE 
              
            The Château de Saissac is a ruined Cathar 
              Castle on a promontory at the southernmost tip of the commune of 
              Saissac, north-west of Carcassonne. Saissac is mentioned in a legal 
              document from the Abbey of Montolieu in 958, and again in a text 
              of 960. The village is typical of the Black Mountains and is built 
              between the ravines of the rivers Aiguebelle and Vernassonne, just 
              above their confluence, overlooking the plain of Carcassonne at 
              an important strategic position at the entry of the Black Mountains 
              (Montagnes Noires). Vestiges of the fourteenth century city walls 
              (enceinte) are still visible around the ancient village. 
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             Château de Sercy, Sercy, Saône-et-Loire, 
              Bourgogne, France 
              
            The Château de Sercy is a XII century castle 
              modified in the XVI century. 
              
            It is classed as a French monument historique. 
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             Château de Sceaux 
            Sceaux, Hauts-de-Seine, France 
              
            The Château de Sceaux is a grand country 
              house not far from Paris. Located in a park laid out by André 
              Le Nôtre, it houses the Musée de lÎle-de-France, 
              a museum of local history.  
              
            The former château was built for Jean-Baptiste 
              Colbert, Louis XIV's minister of finance, who purchased the domaine 
              in 1670.  
              
            The present château, designed to evoke the 
              style of Louis XIII, dates from the Second Empire. Some of Colbert's 
              outbuildings remain, as does the basis of the garden layout. 
              
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             Château de Sceaux 
            Sceaux, Hauts-de-Seine, France 
              
            The Château de Sceaux is a grand country 
              house in Sceaux, Hauts-de-Seine, not far from Paris, France.  
              
            Located in a park laid out by André Le Nôtre, 
              it houses the Musée de lÎle-de-France, a museum 
              of local history.  
              
            The former château was built for Jean-Baptiste 
              Colbert, Louis XIV's minister of finance, who purchased the domaine 
              in 1670.  
              
            The present château, designed to evoke the 
              style of Louis XIII, dates from the Second Empire. Some of Colbert's 
              outbuildings remain, and the basis of the garden layout. 
              
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             Château de Sceaux, Sceaux, Hauts-de-Seine, 
              France 
              
            The Château de Sceaux is a grand country 
              house in Sceaux, Hauts-de-Seine, not far from Paris, France.  
              
            Located in a park laid out by André Le Nôtre, 
              it houses the Musée de lÎle-de-France, a museum 
              of local history.  
              
            The former château was built for Jean-Baptiste 
              Colbert, Louis XIV's minister of finance, who purchased the domaine 
              in 1670.  
              
            The present château, designed to evoke the 
              style of Louis XIII, dates from the Second Empire. Some of Colbert's 
              outbuildings remain, and the basis of the garden layout. 
              
              
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             Château de la Servayrie, 
             Mouret, Marcillac-Vallon, Rodez, Aveyron, Midi-Pyrénées, 
              France. 
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             Citadelle de Sisteron 
             Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, Provence-Alpes-Côte 
              d'Azur, France. 
              
            Sisteron has been inhabited for 4000 years. The 
              Romans used the route through it. It was later ravaged by the Saracens. 
              It was first fortified by the Counts of Forcalquier in the 11th 
              century and became the northern boundary of the domain of the Counts 
              of Provence. In 1483 during the reign of Louis XI, Sisteron was 
              annexed by the kingdom of France.  
              
            Between 1562 and 1594 the town and its citadelle 
              was fought over by Protestants and Catholics including two sieges. 
              During this time the walls of the town were built. 
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            Solidor Tower 
            35400 St-Malo 
            Brittany 
            France 
              
            Solidor Tower is.located in the estuary of the 
              river Rance in  
             the former city of Saint-Servan, which merged 
              with Saint-Malo in 1967 
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             Château de Sully-sur-Loire 
            Sully-sur-Loire 
            Loiret 
            France. 
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             Château de Sully-sur-Loire 
            Sully-sur-Loire, Loiret, France. 
              
            The Château de Sully-sur-Loire is a a château-fort, 
              a true castle, built to control one of the few sites where the Loire 
              can be forded. It has been converted to a palatial seigneurial residence. 
              
            The Château was the seat of the ducs de Sully. 
              In 1716 and again in 1719 the château offered refuge to Voltaire 
              after he had been exiled from Paris for affronting the Régent, 
              Philippe, duc d'Orléans. 
              
            The Château remained in the possession of 
              the Sully family until 1962 when it became the property of the Département 
              du Loiret. The Château de Sully-sur-Loire is listed as a monument 
              historique by the French Ministry of Culture. 
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             Château de Suscinio (or de Susinio) 
            Sarzeau, Morbihan, Brittany, France 
              
             Built in the late Middle Ages as the residence 
              of the Dukes of Brittany. 
              
            The Château de Suscinio dates from the beginning 
              of the 13th century. It was enlarged at the end of 14th century, 
              when the heirs of the duchy were fighting to keep their possessions 
              (Brittany was not annexed by France until 1514). 
              
            From 1471 to 1483, the castle was home to Jasper 
              Tudor, Henry Tudor (later King Henry VII of England), and the core 
              of their group of exiled Lancastrians, numbering about 500 by 1483. 
              Duke Francis II supported this group of exiles against Plantagenet 
              demands for their surrender. 
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             Château de Suscinio (or de Susinio) 
            Sarzeau, Morbihan, Brittany, France 
              
             Built in the late Middle Ages as the residence 
              of the Dukes of Brittany. 
              
            The Château de Suscinio dates from the beginning 
              of the 13th century. It was enlarged at the end of 14th century, 
              when the heirs of the duchy were fighting to keep their possessions 
              (Brittany was not annexed by France until 1514). 
              
            From 1471 to 1483, the castle was home to Jasper 
              Tudor, Henry Tudor (later King Henry VII of England), and the core 
              of their group of exiled Lancastrians, numbering about 500 by 1483. 
              Duke Francis II supported this group of exiles against Plantagenet 
              demands for their surrender. 
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             Château de Suscinio (or de Susinio) 
            Sarzeau, Morbihan, Brittany, France 
              
             Built in the late Middle Ages as the residence 
              of the Dukes of Brittany. 
              
            The Château de Suscinio dates from the beginning 
              of the 13th century. It was enlarged at the end of 14th century, 
              when the heirs of the duchy were fighting to keep their possessions 
              (Brittany was not annexed by France until 1514). 
              
            From 1471 to 1483, the castle was home to Jasper 
              Tudor, Henry Tudor (later King Henry VII of England), and the core 
              of their group of exiled Lancastrians, numbering about 500 by 1483. 
              Duke Francis II supported this group of exiles against Plantagenet 
              demands for their surrender. 
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             Château de Suscinio (or de Susinio) 
            Sarzeau, Morbihan, Brittany, France 
              
             Built in the late Middle Ages as the residence 
              of the Dukes of Brittany. 
              
            The Château de Suscinio dates from the beginning 
              of the 13th century. It was enlarged at the end of 14th century, 
              when the heirs of the duchy were fighting to keep their possessions 
              (Brittany was not annexed by France until 1514). 
              
            From 1471 to 1483, the castle was home to Jasper 
              Tudor, Henry Tudor (later King Henry VII of England), and the core 
              of their group of exiled Lancastrians, numbering about 500, by 1483. 
              Duke Francis II supported this group of exiles against Plantagenet 
              demands for their surrender. 
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             Château de Suscinio (or de Susinio) 
            Sarzeau, Morbihan, Brittany, France 
              
             Built in the late Middle Ages as the residence 
              of the Dukes of Brittany. 
              
            The Château de Suscinio dates from the beginning 
              of the 13th century. It was enlarged at the end of 14th century, 
              when the heirs of the duchy were fighting to keep their possessions 
              (Brittany was not annexed by France until 1514). 
              
            From 1471 to 1483, the castle was home to Jasper 
              Tudor, Henry Tudor (later King Henry VII of England), and the core 
              of their group of exiled Lancastrians, numbering about 500 by 1483. 
              Duke Francis II supported this group of exiles against Plantagenet 
              demands for their surrender. 
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             Château de Tanlay 
            Tanlay 
            Yonne 
            Burgundy 
            France 
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             The Château de Ternay 
            Loire Valley, Poitou-Charentes, France. 
              
            The Château de Ternay was built by the Aviau 
              de Ternay family. The present château, on twelfth-century 
              foundations, is the result of building campaigns from the fifteenth 
              to the seventeenth centuries. 
              
            It has been listed as a Monument historique since 
              1996. It is still the seat of the comte de Ternay. Today the château 
              is open for tours and overnight guests. 
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             The Château de Trécesson 
            near the Paimpont forest 
            Campénéac 
            Morbihan 
            Brittany 
            France 
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             The Palais des Tuileries, Paris, France 
              
            This illustration shows the Palais des Tuileries 
              in the 17th century 
              
            The Tuileries Palace was a royal palace in Paris 
              which stood on the right bank of the River Seine. It was the usual 
              Parisian residence of most French monarchs, from Henry IV to Napoleon 
              III. Iit was destroyed in the upheaval of the Paris Commune in 1871. 
              
            Built in 1564, it was gradually extended until 
              it closed off the western end of the Louvre courtyard and displayed 
              a façade of 266 metres. Since the destruction of the Tuileries, 
              the Louvre courtyard has remained open and the site is now the location 
              of the eastern end of the Tuileries Garden, forming an elevated 
              terrace between the Place du Carrousel and the gardens proper. 
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             The Château d'Ussé 
            Rigny-Ussé 
            Indre-et-Loire 
            France 
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            Château d'Ussé 
            Rigny-Ussé, Indre-et-Loire, France.  
              
            This stronghold at the edge of the Chinon forest 
              overlooking the Indre Valley was first fortified in the eleventh 
              century by the Norman seigneur of Ussé, Gueldin de Saumur, 
              who surrounded the fort with a palisade on a high terrace. The site 
              passed to the Comte de Blois, who rebuilt in stone. 
              
            It was completed in 1612. The flamboyant Gothic 
              style is mixed with new Renaissance motifs, and began the process 
              of rebuilding the fifteenth-century château that resulted 
              in the sixteenth-seventeenth century aspect of the structure to 
              be seen today. 
              
            It is classified as a monument historique since 
              1931 by the French Ministry of Culture. 
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             Château d'Urtubie 
            Urrugne, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, Aquitaine, 
              France. 
              
            A castle here was built in the fourteenth century. 
              It has been owned by the same family since its construction in 1341. 
              It was enlarged in the sixteenth and eighteenth century. King Louis 
              XI stayed here in 1463 and Louis XIV raised the estate to Viscountcy 
              in 1654. Monument Historique since 1974. Now owned by the Comte 
              de Coral. 
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             château de Val, Les Fontilles, 15270 Lanobre, 
              Cantal, France 
              
            The Château is located on the shore of the 
              Lake Bort-les-Orgues 
              
            It is classé as a Monument historique 
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             Château de Val 
            Les Fontilles, 15270 Lanobre, Cantal, France 
              
            The Château is located on the shore of the 
              Lake Bort-les-Orgues 
              
            It is classé as a Monument historique 
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             Château de Val 
            Les Fontilles, 15270 Lanobre, Cantal, France 
              
            The Château is located on the shore of the 
              Lake Bort-les-Orgues. 
              
            It is classé as a Monument historique. 
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             Le Château de Val, Les Fontilles, 15270 Lanobre, 
              Cantal, France 
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             château de Val, Les Fontilles, 15270 Lanobre, 
              Cantal, France 
              
            The Château is located on the shore of the 
              Lake Bort-les-Orgues 
              
            It is classé as a Monument historique 
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             Château de Vaux-le-Vicomte 
            Maincy 
            near Melun 
            Seine-et-Marne 
            France 
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             The Château de Vendeuvre, Vendeuvre, near 
              to Lisieux in Normandy, France 
              
            Classed as a Historic Monument, Vendeuvre is a 
              prototypical aristocratic Norman country house.  
              
            It was opened to the public in 1983. 
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             Château de Vendeuvre 
             Vendeuvre, near to Lisieux in Normandy, France. 
              
            The Château de Vendeuvre is a typical aristocratic 
              Norman country house. It was built between 1750 and 1752. The château 
              is famous for its eighteenth-century interiors. Formal gardens have 
              been created by the present Count of Vendeuvre with a strictly symmetrical 
              classical lay-out. The gardens contain two mazes, known as the regular 
              maze and the field maze. 
              
            An Ice House here was built as a pyramid, to store 
              winter ice for use in the summer. It has a north-facing door to 
              better help preserve the low temperature within. The Château 
              de Vendeuvre is classed as an Historic Monument both for its exterior 
              and interior. It was opened to the public in 1983. 
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             Gardens 
            Palace of Versailles 
            Place d'Armes 
            78000 Versailles 
            Île-de-France 
            France 
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             Donjon de Vez, Oise, Picardy, France 
              
            The Donjon (keep) is part of the Château 
              de Vez.  
              
              
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             Donjon de Vez, Oise, Picardy, France 
              
            The Donjon (keep) is part of the Château 
              de Vez.  
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             Interior, Donjon de Vez, Oise, Picardy, France 
              
            The Donjon (keep) is part of the Château 
              de Vez.  
              
              
              
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             Château de Vigny 
            Vigny 
            Val-d'Oise 
            Île-de-France 
            France 
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             Parterre 
            The Château de Villandry 
            Villandry 
            Indre-et-Loire 
            France. 
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             Parterre 
            The Château de Villandry 
            Villandry 
            Indre-et-Loire 
            France. 
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            Side view 
            Château Villette 
            Condécourt, France 
              
             Château Villette is a manor house hotel 
              located 40 minutes away from Paris. It has numerous outbuildings 
              including a chapel and adjacent reception room, horse stable and 
              greenhouse. 
              
            More than 185 acres (0.75 km2) of garden were designed 
              by Le Nôtre and spread out behind the château in the 
              central axis with two rectangular lakes filled with birds and fish, 
              
            In the film Da Vinci Code, it iwas the home 
              of Sir Leigh Teabing. 
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             Château de Vincennes 
            Avenue de Paris, 94300 Vincennes, Val-de-Marne 
            France 
              
            The Château de Vincennes is a massive 14th 
              and 17th century French royal castle now in a a suburb of the metropolis. 
             
              
            This donjon, 52 meters high, was the tallest medieval 
              fortified structure of Europe. 
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             Château de Vincennes 
            Avenue de Paris 
            94300 Vincennes, Val-de-Marne 
            France 
              
            The Château de Vincennes is a massive 14th 
              and 17th century French royal castle now a suburb of the metropolis. 
             
              
            This donjon, 52 meters high, was the tallest medieval 
              fortified structure of Europe. 
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             Château de Virieu 
            38730 Virieu, Isère, France 
              
            Le château de Virieu was built in stone around 
              1010, 
              
            It ihas been classified as a French monument historique 
              since1990. 
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             Château de Virieu, 38730 Virieu, Isère, 
              France 
              
            Le château de Virieu was built in stone around 
              1010, 
              
            It ihas been classified as a French monument historique 
              since1990. 
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             Château de Vitré 
             Vitré, Ille-et-Vilaine, France. 
              
            The first stone castle was built by the baron Robert 
              I of Vitré at the end of the 11th century. The defensive 
              site chosen, a rocky promontory, dominated the valley of the Vilaine. 
              A Romanesque style doorway still survives from this building. During 
              the first half of the 13th century, baron André III, rebuilt 
              it in its present triangular form, following the contours of the 
              rocks, surrounded with dry moats. 
              
            The castle was bought by the town in the 1820 for 
              8500 francs. In 1872, it was one of the first castles in France 
              to be classified as a monument historique (historic monument) and 
              restored from 1875. 
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             Château de Vitré 
            Vitré, Ille-et-Vilaine, France. 
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             Château of Vizille 
            38220 Vizille, Isere, Region Rhone-Alpes, France. 
             
              
            The Château de Vizille, near Grenoble, is 
              one of the most prestigious and important castles of the Dauphiné. 
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